(5) Water: Demonstrate any method of rendering muddy water fit for human consumption.
Filtering can be done by siphoning the water into a container stuffed with (top) moss (if you can get), pebbles, charcoal, sand and then pebbles again (bottom). It is important to still boil the water after filtering it, as filtering it only clears it and does not remove all the germs. If you cannot boil it for some or other reason, you can use water purification tablets.
You can see an example of a filter on the SASA webpage. You can also check out other ways to get water such as a solar still.
(6) Navigation: Demonstrate two methods of finding true north during the day and two methods at night, without the aid of a compass or map.
You can also use the Southern cross which is on page 1 or you could download some charts from the SASA web page: Finding North and South.
(7) Hazards: Recognise and identify three poisonous snakes in your area and know the precautions to take to avoid being bitten by snakes.
Snakes will tend to stay away from humans, but if for some reason they don't, there are a few things you can do: Check you sleeping bags, shoes, etc before using them as snakes will crawl up inside them to gain heat. Check before sitting on fallen tree stumps. Check before picking up rocks and if you see a snake leave it alone. Check out some pictures of snakes found in South Africa Poisonous Snakes.
If you have any other question relating to the topic or any ideas to share please fell free to contact the webmaster at: 200502654@ufh.ac.za
