48:1 |
Bread
which is from the five species of grain *
* {wheat, barley, rye, oats, and spelt}
but is the kind (termed)
a "sweet roll" *
* {lit; bread in pockets - a category which includes cakes, pies, and "mezonos bread" - and is not considered as bread.}
If one eats from it
less than the measure
of a normal meal (see Law 3),
there is no need to wash hands (before eating)
or bless "Who brings forth..." over it,
rather
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and after (eating) "on the sustenance".
However, if one eat from it
the measure of a normal meal
it is considered as regular bread.
One must wash hands (before eating)
bless "Who brings forth..." over it,
and afterwards say grace. |
48:2 |
What is a "sweet roll" ?
Some say
that this is pastry (dough)
made like pockets
that are filled with fruit,
meat,
cheese,*
or the like;
also, (dough) that is baked like pies.
* {The Shulchon Oruch HoRav 168:10 and the Mishnah B'rurah 168:94 maintain that meat pies, cheese pies, or vegetable pies that are eaten as the basis of a meal are not considered to be "sweet rolls". }
Others say
that it is dough that was kneaded with oil,
or mixed with honey,
or milk,
or eggs,
or other fruit juices.
even if it also had water mixed in,
as long as (the water) is less (than the other juices).
We accept
the leniencies* of both these opinions**
and keep both these types
as "sweet rolls".
* {In his Piskei Siddur, Rav Shneur Zalman of Liadi states that a G-d-fearing person should eat "sweet rolls" only in the midst of a meal in which he has eaten bread.}
** {The Shulchon Oruch HoRav 168:12 and the Mishnah B'rurah 168:35 also quote a third opinion, which defines this type of food as crackers.} |
48:3 |
The measure of a normal meal
is not determined individually,
but rather by the majority of people
- what they would normally eat
at an afternoon meal,
or an evening meal,
to be satisfied.*
If a person eats this quantity
even though he (personally) is not satisfied,
in any case,
the laws of bread apply.
* { The concept of eating to the point of satisfaction is significant regarding this law and many of the others mentioned in this chapter. When a person eats to the point of satisfaction, the obligation to say grace takes on the severity of a Torah command. Thus, the ruling "one must adopt stringencies in cases regarding doubt concerning a Torah command" applies. In contrast, if one has not eaten to the point of satisfaction, the obligation to say grace is only Rabbinic in origin. Hence, leniency may be exercised in cases of doubt.}
If one eats a "sweet roll",
with other foods,
(one asks) would also others
who ate this as a meal
be satisfied ?
If he ate without other foods
a small amount
and was satisfied,
and others
if they ate this
would not be satisfied
unless they ate it
together with other foods
and (then were) satisfied.
the laws of bread (on what he ate) still apply.*
* { There are many opinions among the Sages concerning the exact amount implies by the "the measure of a normal meal." The Piskei Siddur of Rav Shneur Zalman of Liadi and the Mishnah B'ruroh 168:24 maintain that one should not eat more than a quantity equal to four k'beitzim of "sweet rolls", except in the midst of a meal in which he has eaten bread.} |
48:4 |
If he originally intended
to eat only a little
and (so) said:
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and afterwards
continued to eat
"the measure of a normal meal," (then):
If the additional amount he wants to eat
is not "the measure of a normal meal"
except when added
to what he ate previously,
he should continue eating
and, afterwards, bless
the grace after meals.
However,
if the additional amount which he wants to eat
is itself "the measure of a normal meal,"
he must wash hands
and say "Who brings forth..."
on what he wants to eat.
However, "on the sustenance"
is not needed
on what was already ate.
Because it is included
with what will be eaten
and is covered by the grace. |
48:5 |
Dough which was kneaded with water,
but has a soft texture,
if it was baked in an oven,
or even in a roasting pan
without liquid,
or even if oil was rubbed on the pan
so the dough will not burn,
this is not considered as (cooked) in liquid
and so it is considered as bread.
Even if one eats from it
only a k'zayis
one must wash hands
(say) "Who brings forth..."
(and afterwards) grace.
If it (the dough) was fried in a liquid,
it is not considered bread
even if one eats from it
to satisfaction.
Also those wafers
that are very thin
and are baked under pressure
between two trays,
are not considered bread,
and even if he eats from them
to satisfaction,
he only says
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and afterwards
"on the sustenance".
Sometimes,
a very soft dough is made
- i.e., one places
flour and water in a pot
and mixes them together with a spoon
- and pours this
over vegetable leaves
then bakes in the oven with the leaves.
Then they are considered
(as) "sweet rolls". |
48:6 |
Dough which was cooked
and afterwards baked
- e.g.,
"bagels"
(or) "pretzels"
- is considered to be bread,
provided it was thoroughly cooked. |
48:7 |
Regular bread
which was cooked or fried
in butter or the like,
even if it no longer has
the appearance of bread
- e.g. it was coated with eggs
- if it is (at least) a k'zayis
all the laws for bread apply.
However, if each piece is not
a k'zayis (in size),
even if
the process of cooking
caused the swelling
of the pieces up to a k'zayis in size;
or (small pieces became) stuck together
during the cooking
and formed a large mass.
even if these pieces still have
the appearance of bread.*
In any event,
it does not count as bread
and one blesses on it only
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and afterwards
"on the sustenance"
even if one eats
to the point of satisfaction.
* {The Mishnoh B'rurah 168:56 explains that more stringent rules apply to bread which is fried. If it still has the appearance of bread, "who brings forth bread" and grace must be said even though the pieces are less than a k'zayis in size. Rav Shneur Zalman of Liadi (Piskei Siddur) renders a similar decision. Furthermore, he urges a person who is precise in his observance not to eat even small pieces of bread that have been cooked and still have the appearance of bread except while eating a meal in which he has eaten bread.}
If one did not cook
but rather, poured over them
a boiling sauce,
there is a doubt about the blessing.
It is questionable
if pouring hot water is like cooking
in this regard, or not.
One should not eat such (bread)
only during the meal (after normal bread).
If they were not cooked
but only soaked in liquids
or in soup or the like, (then):
If they are less than a k'zayis,
(the law) depends
if they still look like (bread)
or not.
If they still look like bread,
the rules apply to them
of normal bread.
If they do not look like bread,
the rules of bread do not apply.
Even if one ate
to the point of satisfaction,
one only says
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and afterwards
"on the sustenance".
If the appearance of the liquid changed
because of the pieces (of bread in it),
it is certain that they have lost
the appearance of bread.
Similarly, if soaked
in red wine
it no longer has
the appearance of bread. |
48:8 |
Dough,
even if kneaded with water alone,
and cooked,
one says over it (before eating)
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and afterwards
"on the sustenance".
Even if one ate
a (sufficient) quantity to be satisfied.*
* { The Shulchon Oruch, Orach Chayim 168:13 states that if the texture of the dough is thick, a G-d fearing person should partake of such foods only within a meal where bread was eaten. See also Shulchon Oruch HoRav 168:15 and Mishnoh B'rurah 168:76,77.}
Also grits
(in yiddish - groyfun)
which are made from the five species of grain
and were cooked,
one also says over them
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and afterwards
"on the sustenance".
even if one ate
to the point of satisfaction.
If one ate these with soup
also (other) foods made from dough
that one eats in soup
or in milk,
that have been cooked in (the soup),
one need not bless
over the soup or milk,
for it is secondary
and insignificant because of them.
However, if one cooked
only a small amount of noodles
or grits
and one's main intention
was for the sauce
or milk,
the latter is not considered insignificant,
and one (only) says on them
"that everything...".
Even though one eats
also the noodles or grain,
the sauce or milk is not included
because they are the main item.
Nevertheless,
the best to do
is to first say
"that everything..."
over the sauce
or the milk alone
drink some of it,
and then say
over the noodles or the grain.*
"the creator of different kinds of food"
because they are also not included
even though
one's attention was not (to eat) them,
since it comes from grain, it is important
and is not covered (by the blessing)
so as to lose its own blessing
as long as it adds taste
to the pot (of food). (See also Ch. 54:6.)
* {Others suggest saying "that everything..." first on another food, with the intention of also including the soup or milk. } |
48:9 |
Foods which are made from matzah meal
or bread crumbs
(e.g. doughballs,
and pancakes)
mixed with fat,
eggs, or milk
and made into a dough-like mass,
then they are cooked or fried,
we say over them
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and afterwards
"on the sustenance". |
48:10 |
Grain products
which are cooked with other types of food
as is customary
when bits of dough are cooked
with beans
or legumes
(e.g., farfel, or bandlin or arevsin)
even
if there is a majority of one type (of food),
nethertheless,
since each one
is a separate entity,
two blessings must be said.*
First, one says
over the pieces of dough
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and eats them.
Afterwards,
one says over some of the beans
"the creator of the produce of the ground"
and eats,
and afterwards eats them together.
Any sauce [eaten with them] is secondary
and does not require a blessing.
(Furthermore, it is covered by the blessing
"the creator of the produce of the ground", see Ch. 54:2).
* {The Misgeres Hashulchon (15) writes that if the two types of food are stuck together, one need say blessings over only the grain. It appears from the Mishnoh B'rurah 212:1 that even if the two types of food are
cooked as separate entities, it is only necessary to say "the creator of different kinds of food" and "on the sustenance".}
However if they are crushed
and mixed together
- e.g., food that is made
from mixing flour, eggs, and cheese
and then frying or cooking this (mixture)
- even though the flour is the minority,
nevertheless,
since it comes from the five species of grain,
it is considered important.
One blesses on it
"the creator of different kinds of food"
and afterwards
"on the sustenance".
The above applies only when the flour is added
in order to add taste.
However, if only a little flour is taken
to make the food stick together,
as is common
when one makes some foods,
the flour is considered insignificant,
similarly, when pastry is made
from almonds, sugar and eggs,
and a little flour is added
to make the mixture stick together
the flour is included
in the blessing said only
over the main (food).
Similarly, sauce
that is cooked then thickened
with some flour
that has been roasted and fried in butter,
one says over the sauce
only
"that everything...".
However, if one selects
the fried pieces of flour
and eats them alone,
one needs to say on them
"the creator of different kinds of food".
If one ate a k'zayis of them,
one should say after them
"on the sustenance". |