The goals of sparring training are to learn to apply the fundamental stances, hip motions, and techniques against attacks and defenses of an opponent. Learning to turn static training techniques into real, effective fighting techniques is the primary purpose.

Kihon Ippon Kumite - 1 Step sparring
The things studied in 5 step sparring are covered, but counter techniques are more prevalent. Therefore, learning to reduce the time between blocking and attacking becomes more important. Learning to make a single, explosive attack is important. Also, the attacker learns to reduce telegraphing of intent to attack while the defender learns to recognize incoming attacks and react accordingly.

Sanbon Kumite - 3 Step Sparring
3 step sparring is somewhat different from five step sparring. The three steps allow the practice of the three components of one step sparring. The first is to step back with one foot while keeping the center of gravity in place. The foot should stick into the floor, not pull the whole body back with it. The second step allows you to gauge the distance for the following technique. The third step is to throw the counter punch. From the attacker's perspective, it gives an opportunity to practice various timing and rhythm changes, such as punching 1-2, 3 or 1, 2-3.

Gohon Kumite - 5 Step Sparring
The purpose of 5 step sparring in its most basic incarnation is to learn to time blocks with attacks, condition the forearms and shins against bruising, learn proper distancing, learn to attack and defeat blocking, increase the velocity with which techniques are delivered, and learn to maintain formal, fundamental structure under pressure.

Budo Kumite - training basic techniques to work in formal situation, and it comprises the majority of sparring training in Shotokan. NO points are awarded and no referees to stop the match. The match ends when one competitor clearly becomes dominant over the other, or when one of the two concedes.

Shiai Kumite - involves a referee, points are awarded for successful techniques and a time limit on the match.