Quiz Study Guide

All study materials for the final quiz can be found here: I have consolidated the Terms and Concepts and Questions sections and put everything together in one place.

For Quiz #4:

Quote ID potential authors:

• Sapiro
• hooks
• Anzaldúa
• Scott
• MacKinnon
• Stanworth
• Hill Collins
• Davis
• Fox Keller
• Williams
• Rosie the Riveter

Authors and Main Ideas (to help you focus your study for the short ID and short essay questions):

don't forget to read and study on your own the rest of the readings for the week of December 1st: Sapiro Chapter 14 and hooks Chapter 12!

Sapiro Chapter 12

• Comstock Laws
• eugenics movement
• Griswold v. Connecticut
• quickening
• common law view of abortion
• historical overview of abortion and birth control in the US: dates of legality and illegality
• Roe v. Wade
• surrogate motherhood (compare especially to prostitution)

Sapiro Chapter 13

• "social reproduction labor"
• homemaking
  • remember Sapiro writes that "before the 20th century, relatively few women worked outside the home, but relatively few men worked outside the home then, either" p 442
  • professionalization of
  • "social homemaking"
  • how is housework invisible?
  • how is housework different from other kinds of work? (see p 446+)
• the (monetary) value of work
• the "self-made man"
• women's volunteer labor (especially the benefits society derives from it)
• women's war work (this ties in with the film we saw in class)
• horizontal vs. vertical segregation of jobs
• BFOQ (in terms of Title VII -- see p 474)
• comparable worth
• feminization of poverty

hooks Chapter 10

• motherhood and fatherhood:
  • race and class differences
  • compare to community parenting
• humanizing labor

hooks Chapter 7

• work outside the home vs. inside the home:
  • class differences: attitudes, realities
  • being able to work vs. having to work
• "work liberates women"
• "feminization of poverty"
• housework

Anzaldúa

• la Mestiza—think about how this relates to Haraway's cyborg
• mestiza consciousness
• consider why she writes partly in Spanish, often without translating

Scott

• deconstruction
• equality vs. difference
  • definition of
  • problems with
  • alternatives to
• essentialism

hooks (in FT)

• dangers of positing that sexism is the main oppression
• women as agents of domination (not just victims)
• problems of patriarchal domination
• "interlocking systems of domination"
• solidarity coming from a common definition of feminism among both men and women
• the importance of small groups

MacKinnon

• feminist theories/views of sexuality:
  • think about how she is dealing with mythical norms here
  • treats sexuality as a social construct of male power
  • sees sex as a "pervasive dimension throughout the whole of social life"
  • equals the feminist theory of politics
• "sexuality equals heterosexuality equals the sexuality of (male dominance and (female) submission"
• essentialist/essentialism
• why does she disagree with the idea that rape is violence, not sex?
• how does she view pornography? how is it related to sex and sexuality?
• understand this passage: "The assumption that, in matters sexual, women really want what men want from women makes male force against women in sex invisible. It makes rape sex."
• consider: "Viewing sexual material containing express aggression against women makes normal men more willing to aggress against women" and review note 40, which is attached to this statement

Stanworth

• in vitro fertilization
• what are some of the feminist critiques of reproductive (or conceptive) technologies? be able to explain the following categories of critiques:
  • unsuccessful
  • unsafe
  • unkind
  • unnnecessary
  • unwanted
  • unsisterly
  • unwise
• "reproductive prostitute"
• pronatalism
• consider those whom society expects to be mothers, and those whom society tries to dissuade from being mothers
• adoption and adoption policies
• empowering motherhood vs. coercive motherhood

Hill Collins

• Black feminist thought, and how it "speaks to the importance that knowledge plays in empowering oppressed people"
• why did early Black women scholars participate in "Eurocentric masculinist epistemologies"?
• understand this concept of "outsider-within" and think about how it compares to what hooks writes about being on the margin (see especially her preface, but in general her whole world-view)
• understand her distinguishing "absolute truth" with "relativism"

Davis

• the last line of her opening paragraph states that "the conditions within which reproductive technologies are being developed, applied, and rendered accessible or inaccessible maneuver them in directions that most often maintain or depen misogynist, anti-working class, and racist marginalization." Understand this statement, and then figure out how and why she believes this from your reading of the rest of the article. To get you started: in her essay, how does she show that reproductive technologies are misogynist? are classist? are racist?
• within the same framework as the above question, consider her views on the family, reproduction, and reproductive rights

Fox Keller

• her main theme here is "visibility" and "invisibility" -- try to follow her reasonings through the competing pairings of (masculine–invisible and feminine–visible) on the one hand, with (masculine–visible and feminine–invisible) on the other hand, and where power fits into these dynamics. Don't worry about the specifics of molecular biology! Just get her point.

Williams

• single mothers and their demonization
• what does she suggest we do to help the children of single mothers, given that "tell the mother to get married" is unrealistic?
• eugenics

Rosie the Riveter (film)

• if you missed the class or didn't take notes during the film, I urge you to see the film on your own in the non-print media section of the library

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For Quiz #3:

Quote ID potential authors:

• Sapiro
• hooks
• Brownmiller
• Combahee River Collective
• Lorde
• Rich
• Gilligan
• Kaplan
• Haraway
• Harding
• Kilbourne

Authors and Main Ideas (to help you focus your study for the short essay questions):

Sapiro Chapter 9

• government
• women's rights
• common law and modern laws affecting women
• sexism and jury duty
• sexism and military service
• "women's issues"
• women as victims of crime
• women as criminals
• women, the vote, and political participation
• why there are relatively few women political candidates: beliefs vs. research

Sapiro Chapter 8

• communication, mass media and their relationship to cultural values
• women and print media
• women and electronic media
• "symbolic annihilation" of women in media
• "women's pages" in newspapers
• coverage of women vs. coverage of men
• children and television
• "the effects of absence"
• advertising
• images of race and gender in ads
• "why have there been no great women artists?"
• barriers to women in the arts
• craft vs. fine art
• utilitarian vs. aesthetic art
• shift in film images of women in the mid 20th C.
• The Dinner Party
• censorship vs. non-censorship of pornography and art

Sapiro Chapter 10

• language and communication
• nonverbal behavior
• gender vocabulary
• gender-neutral language, aka "inclusive language"
• male vs. female language
• male right-of-way in conversation and in space
• touching behavior
• the double standard of loyalty
• the ruse of male chivalry
• true behavioral differences vs. perceptions and receptions of behavior
• culture of dissemblance and the trap of dissemblance (p 349)
• resistance to language change

Sapiro Chapter 11

• gender identity/ gender-role behavior/ sexual orientation
• predictors of homophobia
• why sexual orientation is a feminist issue
• heterosexism/ compulsory heterosexuality
• sexual miscommunication
• sexual harassment
• rape:
  • cross-cultural studies
  • male protection racket
  • definitons of
  • myths of
• marriage and the marriage contract
• common-law property vs. community property

hooks Chapter 6

• power: traditional vs. radical conceptions
• class differences vis-a-vis power
• issues of essentialism vis-a-vis power
• powers of the weak

hooks Chapter 5

• men's role in feminist movement: theory vs. praxis
• racial differences in political struggle
• female separatism

hooks Chapter 11

• "sexual liberation" vs. sexual freedom
• the right to sexual inactivity
• "lavender menace" (the perceived threat of lesbians, and the fear that they're somehow "taking over" feminist movement), lesbains, homophobia and heterosexism
• "politically correct" sexuality

Brownmiller

• rape:
  • definitions
  • laws
  • victims
  • types
  • perpetrators

Combahee River Collective

• Black feminist movement:
  • why there is a separate movement
  • what the movement believes in

Lorde

• the oppressed should not be in charge of teaching the oppressors about oppression
• difference: between women and in the women's movements
• competing "-isms": racism, sexism, etc.
• master's tools

Chodorow

• mothering
  • what happens when mothering is done in the absence of fathering
  • how it developmentally affects girls and boys differently
• nature vs. nurture
• how children learn gender roles & identites

Rich

• compulsory heterosexuality
• lesbian continuum
• problems of including "lesbians" in the term "gay"
• 2 lies of compulsory heterosexuality

Yamada

• the oppressed should not be required to teach their oppressors of their transgressions
• selective racism

Gilligan

• central moral problem for women
• distinct moral language of women
• women's ethic of care
• the difference in moral imperative between men and women
• for Gilligan, focus less on the abortion debate itself, and more on how Gilligan says women tend to approach the issue, vs. how men tend to

Kaplan

• the gaze, especially the male gaze
• melodrama
• the eroticization of women on the screen: 3 ways

Mohanty

• "third world woman" and "average third world woman"
• Western feminist
• colonization and "the colonialist move"
• who defines what is "Western" and what is "third world" and why is this important?

Haraway

• Haraway is hard to follow. Try to just go with it. By reading through the whole selection you will be able to get a handle on what she means by the term "cyborg" which is the main thing I'd like for you to get from this reading.
• Take a look at the 2 columns on page 364 and see if you can't discern from it the kind of paradigm shift she says we are going through.
• My last bit of advice: if you've seen the movie Matrix, that is a good representation of what Haraway is describing.

Harding

• sex vs. gender (be sure to read footnote 1)
• the pedestal on which we've placed scientific rationality
• theorizing gender
• the idea that science is gendered
• try to get a beginning understanding of the differences between:
  • feminist empiricism
  • feminist standpoint
  • feminist postmodernism

Kilbourne

• advertising
• eating disorders

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