HISTORY:
Tyva or Tuva, republic in south central Siberia, in southeastern Russia. It is north of the Republic of Mongolia. Tyva covers a total land area of 170,500
sq km (65,830 sq mi). Kyzyl is the administrative center. High mountain ranges encircle the Tuva and Todza basins, which lie in the central part of the republic. Tyva
has extremely cold winters and warm summers. Tyva has a population of 306,300 (1994 estimate). Tyvans represent nearly two-thirds of inhabitants, and Russians
account for nearly one-third. The Tyvans speak a Turkic language. The traditional religions of Tyva are Tibetan Buddhism and shamanism (See Shaman). Agriculture
in the republic consists mainly of livestock raising, hunting, and some grain farming. The chief industries are mining, woodworking, food processing, and light
manufacturing. Tyva is administered by a president and legislative assembly. One of the 21 Russian republics, it has three seats in the Russian Federal Assembly.
Formed by the mixing of Mongolian, Turkic, Uygur, and Kyrgyz tribes, the Tyvans were ruled at various times by the Mongols, the Chinese, and the Altyn khans.
The territory became a Russian protectorate in 1914. During the Russian Civil War (1918-1921), the Tyvans declared independence. In 1926 the republic became
a semi-independent state under Soviet authority, and in 1944 it was incorporated into Soviet Russia. In 1991, after the breakup of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR), Tyva became part of newly independent Russia.
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