Study Guide

Chapter 3

 

 

Know all Vocabulary

Worksheets- You should study both worksheets

Homework Questions and Review Questions

 

I.                    Elements

-         92 elements- naturally in the earth

-         periodic table pg. 917

-         atomic structure- know table 3-2 page 55

-         energy levels:

-         valence electrons – outermost electrons

-         combining capacity of atoms- depends on valence electrons

-         Isotopes- atomic mass average= mass of isotopes

-         Most abundant on earth and universe- page 59

II.                 Bonding

-         types: Covalent and Ionic

-         Ions- charge particles- positive or negative

-         Covalent Bond-sharing- example water  H₂O

-         Ionic Bond- transferring- example NaCl

-         Know figures 3-7 page 61 and 3-8 page 62

-         Chemical Reactions: Balanced- examples on page 64

-         Mixtures- retain identities- example soil

-         Solution- cannot be distinguished- example coffee

-         Acids and Bases

H⁺ Ion- Acid

OH^- Ion Base

pH scale- Water neutral 7, know the pH scale pg. 66

III.               Matter-

-         Know all the different states of matter- on earth vs. universe

-         Know their characteristics example- plasma

-         Gases- evaporation, sublimation and condensation- which releases and absorbs energy