Study Guide
for Exam #1
This
looks like a lot of information and it is, but remember that a lot of these concepts are very
interrelated! Good luck!
There
will not be specific questions or problems on the laws of exponents or the laws
of logs – however, these make working the decibel problems much easier so make sure that you review them enough to be able to
use them in the decibel problems.
For the following concepts,
make sure that you know (not all of these apply to everything listed below):
the definition, the units associated, the abbreviation if given (makes using
the formulas much easier), how to use the formula (remember that formulas will
be supplied – see the next section of the study guide), if it is a scalar or
vector quantity:
Time
Mass
Weight
Density
Length
Elasticity
Newton’s
First Law of Motion: Inertia
Newton’s
Third Law of Motion: Reaction Forces
Displacement
Velocity
Speed
Acceleration
Force
Newton’s
Second Law of Motion
Pressure
Equilibrium
Hooke’s
Law
Spring
constant
Stiffness
Compliance
Momentum
Law
of Conservation of Energy
Energy
Work
Power
Intensity
Potential
energy
Kinetic
energy
Friction
Sound
Sound
source
Propagation
medium
Brownian
motion
Receiver
Condensation
Compression
Rarefaction
Speed
of sound
Waveform
Sine
wave
Sinusoids
Fourier
series
Fourier’s
Theorem
Frequency
Period
Wavelength
Amplitude
Instantaneous
amplitude
Peak
amplitude
Average
amplitude
Root-Mean-Square
amplitude
Starting
phase
Decibel
Interval
scale
Ratio
scale
Log
scale
Intensity
level
Sound
pressure level
dB IL
dB
SPL
Reference
intensity (remember you need to know both values)
Reference
pressure (remember you need to know 2x10 –5 N/m2 and 2x10 –4 dynes/cm2)
0
dB IL
0
dB SPL
Inverse
Square Law
Complex
Stimuli
Periodic
waveforms
Aperiodic
waveforms
Line
spectrum
Continuous
spectrum
Fundamental
period
Bandwidth
Noise
Transients
Speech
(which sounds have periodicity and which do not?)
Filters
Cutoff
frequency
High-pass
filter
Low-pass
filter
Band-pass
filter
Band-reject
filter
Gain
Formulas (these will be
supplied but make sure that you know how/when to use them; they will not be
labeled-when studying, try to fill in what each one is in the space to the
right):
(x2
- x1)
v = ---------
(t2 - t1)
(v2 - v1)
a = ---------
(t2 - t1)
F = ma
F
P = ---
A
Fr =
- k x
Fm = mv
w = Fx
w
P = ---
t
P
I = ---
A
Ff = Rv
1
T = ---
f
c
l
= ---
f
ARMS =
0.707 x APEAK
Ix
dB IL = 10
log10 ----
Iref
Px
dB SPL = 20
log10 ----
Pref
For the following, be able to briefly describe:
The movement of a
spring-mass system
The movement of a tuning
fork
The relationship between
frequency and period
The relationship between
frequency and wavelength
The requirements for a sound
transmission system
Five
possible outcomes in a sound transmission system
Types
of sound fields
The
relationship between intensity and pressure
The
relationship between intensity and distance to a sound source
The
relationship between pressure and distance to a sound source
The
relationship between dB IL and dB SPL
The
relationship between bandwidth and duration
The
differences between filter types (e.g. high-pass vs. low-pass; band-pass vs.
band-
reject)