CIVIL CONSERVATION CORPS
The Emergency Conservation Work (E.C.W.) was established in 1933 under the
direct authority of the U.S. president in order to provide employment and
vocational training for unemployed youths, war veterans and Indians, through
conservation, natural resources development and forest protection. (1)
It became an independent agency, styled Civil Conservation Corps, (C.C.C.)
in 1937, but two years later this was brought under the Federal Security
Agency.
(1) Although directly dependent of the president the E.C.W.
worked in close cooperation with different departements
(Agriculture, Labor, War, ...) its principal partner being
however the National Park Service in the Home Department.
National Director of E.C.W.
1933 - 1937 Robert Fechner 1876 - 1939
National Directors of the C.C.C.
1937 - 1939 Robert Fechner s.a.
1940 - 1943 James J. McEntee
The C.C.C. was abolished in 1943, most of its works being taken over by the
National Park Service.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION
The Department of Education was established as a non-cabinet agency in 1867.
In 1868 it was replaced by an Office of Education - named Bureau of Education
from 1869 to 1930 - in the Department of the Interior.
In 1939 the office was transferred to the Federal Security Agency.
Commissioners of the Bureau of Education
1870 - 1886 John Eaton Jr. 1820 - 1906
1886 - 1889 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson
1889 - 1906 William Torrey Harris 1835 - 1909
1906 - 1911 Elmer Ellsworth Brown
1911 - 1921 Philander Priestly Claxton 1862 - 1957
1921 - 1928 John James Tigert IV 1882 - 1965
1928 - 1930 William John Cooper
Commissioners of the Office of Education
1930 - 1933 William John Cooper s.a.
1933 - 1934 George Frederick Zook 1885 - 1951
1934 - 19.. John Ward Studebaker
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FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
In 1906 the Bureau of Chemistry in the Department of Agriculture was entruste
with the enforcement of the laws promoting and protecting the purity, quality
and safety of foods, cosmetics, medicines and other consumer products.
In 1927 the Bureau was renamed Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration.
In 1930 it became the Food and Drug Administration, which was transferred to
the Federal Security Agency in 1940.
Chiefs of the Bureau of Chemistry
1901 - 1912 Harvey Washington Wiley, before, since
1883 Chief of the Division of Chemistry
in the Department of Agriculture (2) 1844 - 1930
1912 - 1921 Carl L. Alsberg 1877 - 1940
1921 - 1924 Walter G. Campbell
1924 - 1927 Charles Albert Browne
Chief of the Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration
1927 - 1930 Walter G. Campbell s.a.
Chief of the Food and Drug Administration
1930 - 1940 Walter G. Campbell s.a.
Commissioners of the Food and Drug Administration
1940 - 1944 Walter G. Campbell s.a.
1944 - 1951 Paul B. Dunbar 1882 - 1968
(2) The Division of Chemistry was set up in 1862 and did
much preparatory work leading to the first drug and
food laws of 1906. It was renamed Bureau of Chemistry
in 1901.
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PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
The U.S. Public Health service had its inception in the Marine Hospital
Service established in 1798. First intended only for sick and disabled seamen
the scope and functions of this service were later extended to include all
programs for the protection of the nation's health.
In 1902 it was renamed Public Health and Marine Hospital Service and in 1912
it became the Public Health Service.
In 1939 the service, which till then had been in the Department of the
Treasury, was transferred to the Federal Security Agency.
Supervising Surgeon Marine Hospital Service
1871 - 1875 John Maynard Woodworth 1837 - 1879
Supervising Surgeon General Marine Hospital Service
1875 - 1879 John Maynard Woodworth s.a.
Surgeons General Marine Hospital Service
1879 - 1891 John B. Hamilton
1891 - 1902 Walter Wyman 1848 - 1911
Surgeons General Public Health and Marine Hospital Service
1902 - 1911 Walter Wyman s.a.
1911 - 1912 none
1912 Rupert Blue 1868 - 1948
Surgeons General Public Health Service
1912 - 1920 Rupert Blue s.a.
1920 - 1936 Hugh Smith Cumming 1869 - 1948
1936 - 1948 Thomas Parran Jr. 1892 - 1968
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BOARD OF SOCIAL SECURITY
The Board of Social Security was set up in 1934 as an independent agency to
administer the government's programs related to old-age and survivors
insurance, employment security and general public assistance.
The board lost its independent position in 1939 and became part of the
Federal Security agency.
Chairmen of the Social Security Board
1935 - 1937 John Gilber Winant 1889 - 1947
1937 - 1946 Arthur Joseph Altmeyer 1891 - 1972
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCYPUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION
By the end of the 19th cnetury U.S. roads were in a poor condition and not adapted
to modern means of circulation like bicycles and cars.
To find solutions for this problem a Road Inquiry Office was created within the
Department of Agricultrue in 1893.
At first mainly concerned with research and coordination, the office - which was
renamed several times (see below) - gradually extended its tasks to include such
matters as the construction of defense highways and of roads in the national parks,
highway design, international issues, etc.
In 1939 the office was transferred to the Federal Works Agency and renamed Public
Roads Administration (PRA).
Special Agents and Engineers for Road Inquiry
1893 - 1898 Gen. Roy Stone 1836 - 1905
1898 - 1899 Martin Dodge* 1851 - 19..
1899 Gen. Roy Stone (2x)
Directors of the Office of Public Road Inquiries
1899 Gen. Roy Stone s.a.
1899 - 1905 Martin Dodge s.a.
Director of the Office of Public Inquiries
1905 - 1915 Logan Waller Page 1870 - 1920
Director of Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering
1915 - 1918 Logan Waller Page s.a.
Director of the Bureau of Public Roads
1919 - 1939 Thomas Harris MacDonald 1891 - 1957
Commissioner of Public Roads Administration
1939 - 1953 Thomas Harris MacDonald s.a.
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