Texas was colonized by the Spanish in 1682 and became a part of the Vice Royalty of
New Spain.
After New Spain had become independent, the region became part of Mexico. In 1836
US colonists revolted against Mexican rule and established an independent Republic
of Texas.
After a first attempt to do so had failed in 1836 - 1838, Texas was annexed to the
US in 1845, mainly to stop the growing British interest for the area.
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STATE OFFICERS
Governors
1847 - 1849 George Tyler Wood 1795 - 1858
1849 - 1853 Peter Hansbrough Bell 1810 - 1898
1853 James Wilson Henderson* 1817 - 1880
1853 - 1857 Elisha Marshall Pease 1812 - 1883
1857 - 1859 Hardin Richard Runnels 1820 - 1873
1859 - 1861 Samuel "Sam" Houston, deposed
by a pro-Confederate Convention 1793 - 1863
TEXAS 1861 - 1870 : CONFEDERATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
Chronology
(See also CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA - to be added)
1861
Mar 04 : Texas seceded from the Union.
Mar 05 : Texas became a member of the Confederate States of America.
1865
May 26 : Confederate surrender in the area. Texas was occupied by Union trroops and
placed under military rule (Union Department of the Gulf).
Jun 17 : Restoration of civilian rule under Union occupation (Union Department of
Texas)
1866
Oct 27 : Texas rejected the Fourteenth Amendent of the US Constitution, providing
citizenship to - and protection of - the freed slaves.
1867
Mar 02 : As a consequence of this rejection, the state was placed under direct Union
military rule.
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STATE OFFICERS OF THE CONFEDERATE STATE OF TEXAS 1861 - 1865
Governors
1861 Edward Clark* 1815 - 1880
1861 - 1863 Francis Richard Lubbock 1815 - 1905
1863 - 1865 Pendleton Murrah, fled to
Mexico after the Confederate
surrender 1824 - 1865
1865 Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale,
LtGov. only performing some tasks
usually associated with the office
of governor (therefore omitted in
most lists) 1823 - 1890
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ADMINISTRATORS UNDER UNION OCCUPATION AND RECONSTRUCTION 1865 - 1870
(for more on the Union administrative structure and offices in the occupied South
see : The Confederate States of America : Union occupation and Reconstruction - to
be added)
UNION MILITARY COMMANDERS AND ADMINISTRATORS
Commanders of the Union Department of Texas
[Subordinated to the Military Division of the Gulf 1865 - 1866 as a "Reconstruction"
Department and thereafter (as a District ?) to the Fifth Military District 1867 -
1870 (in this period de facto military governors, directly supervising the whole
state administration)]
1865 MajGen. Gordon Granger 1822 - 1876
1865 - 1866 MajGen. Horatio Gouverneur Wright 1820 - 1899
1866 - 1867 MajGen. Charles Griffin (first de
facto Military Governor in 1867) 1825 - 1867
1867 - 1868 MajGen. Joseph Jones Reynolds 1822 - 1899
1868 - 1869 MajGen. Edward Richard Sprigg
Canby 1817 - 1873
1869 - 1870 MajGen. Joseph Jones Reynolds (2x)
Assistant Commissioners of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
(The "Freedmen's Bureau" was concerned with the general welfare of the freed black
slaves - especially with their education - and with their integration in the postwar
society)
1865 - 1866 BrigGen. Edgar Mortimer Gregory 1818 - 1871
1866 - 1867 BrigGen. Joseph Barr Kiddoo 1840 - 1880
1867 MajGen. Charles Griffin s.a.
1867 Lt. Charles Garretson*
1867 - 1869 MajGen. Joseph Jones Reynolds s.a.
1869 MajGen. Edward Richard Sprigg Canby s.a.
1869 MajGen. Joseph Jones Reynolds (2x)
STATE OFFICERS
Governors
1865 - 1866 Andrew Jackson Hamilton*,
appointed by the US President (1) 1815 - 1875
1866 - 1867 James Webb Throckmorton, removed
from office by the Union military
authorities 1825 - 1894
1867 - 1869 Elisha Marshall Pease (2x)
appointed by the Union military
authorities s.a.
1869 - 1870 none
1870 Edmund Jackson Davis*, apppointed
by the Union military authorities 1827 - 1883
(1) Hamilton had already been appointed Union Military Governor of Texas in Jul
1862.
As such he (formally at least) was in charge of the administrative affairs
of the two Texan territories which were briefly occupied by Union forces
before 1865 :
Galveston
The port and city of Galveston (on the island of the same name in the Gulf
of Mexico) were occupied by Union forces from Oct 05 1862 to Jan 01 1863.
Commander of the US Naval forces in the area
1862 - 1863 Cdr. William Bainbridge Renshaw 1816 - 1863
Commander of the garrison of Galveston
1862 - 1863 Col. Isaac C. Burrell,
Commander of the 42nd
Massachusetts Infantry
(Although Hamilton was the great inspirator of the expedition, he seems not
to have been present in Galveston)
Brownsville and the Rio Grande
In an attempt to sever communications between Confederate Texas and Mexico
Union forces occupied the coastal area north of the Rio Grande river (with
the cities of Brownsville, Corpus Christi and Rio Grande City) in Nov 1863.
They remained there until Jul 1864 when they were driven out by Confederate
forces. (Only the island of Brazos Santiago remained occupied until the end
of the war)
Commanders of the Union Army on the Rio Grande
(Subordinated to the Union Department of the Gulf)
1863 - 186. MajGen. Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana 1822 - 1905
186. - 1864 MajGen. Francis Jay Herron 1837 - 1902
(This time Hamilton was present, heading a provisional Texan administration)
Commanders of the garrison of Brazos Santiago
1864 Col. Henry M. Day, Commander
of the 91st Illinois Infantry
1864 - 1865 Col ..., Commander of the
34th Indiana Infantry
US STATE OF TEXAS
On Feb 18 1870 Texas finally ratified the 14th Amendment and was consequently
readmitted into the Union on Mar 03. (1)
(1) The State remained however under Union military occupation until 1877.
Commanders of the Union Department of Texas
(Subordinated to the Military Division of the South 1870 - 1871, then to
the Military Division of the Missouri - also covered Louisiana 1870 - 1871)
1870 - 1872 MajGen. Joseph Jones Reynolds s.a.
1872 - 1875 MajGen. Christopher Columbus Augur 1821 - 1898
1875 - 1880 MajGen. Edward Otho Cresap Ord 1818 - 1883
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STATE OFFICERS
Governors
1870 - 1874 Edmund Jackson Davis s.a.
1874 - 1876 Richard Coke 1829 - 1897
1876 - 1879 Richard Bennett Hubbard 1832 - 1901
1879 - 1883 Oran Milo Roberts 1815 - 1898
1883 - 1887 John Ireland 1827 - 1896
1887 - 1891 Lawrence Sullivan Ross 1838 - 1898
1891 - 1895 James Stephen Hogg 1851 - 1906
1895 - 1899 Charles Aleen Culberson 1855 - 1925
1899 - 1903 Joseph Draper Sayers 1841 - 1929
1903 - 1907 Samuel Willis Tucker Lanham 1846 - 1908
1907 - 1911 Thomas Mitchell Campbell 1857 - 1923
1911 - 1915 Oscar Branch Colquitt 1861 - 1940
1915 - 1917 James Edward Ferguson, Jr. 1871 - 1944
1917 - 1921 William Pettus Hobby 1878 - 1964
1921 - 1925 Patrick "Pat" Morris Neff 1871 - 1952
1925 - 1927 Miriam Amanda Wallace Ferguson° 1875 - 1961
1927 - 1931 Daliel "Dan" James Moody, Jr. 1893 - 1966
1931 - 1933 Ross Shaw Sterling 1875 - 1949
1933 - 1935 Miriam Amanda Wallace Ferguson° (2x)
1935 - 1939 James Burr V Allred 1899 - 1959
1939 - 1941 Wilbert Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel 1890 - 1969
1941 - 1947 Coke Robert Stevenson 1888 - 1975
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