SAN MARINO
ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN SAN MARINO 1848 - 1945 REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO
San Marino was founded in 301 as a Christian religious community. In the course of
the following centuries it evolved into a secular state, being recognized as an
independent commune - later republic - by the Pope in 1291 and again in 1463.(1)
Since then and despite several foreign interventions, the Republic maintained its
independence.
(1) At the same time San Marino acquired the surrounding towns of Faetano,
Fiorentino, Montegiardino and Serravalle hereby reaching its definitive
frontiers.
The Republic was occupied by German troops in aug - sep 1944 and by
Allied forces in sep - oct 1944.
Commander of the German Forces (10th Army) operating in San Marino
(Regional Commander)
1944 ColGen. Heinrich Gottfried von
Vietinghoff 1887 - 1952
Commander of the 278th Infantry Divison
(Local Commander)
1944 LtGen. Harry Hoppe 1894 - 1969
Commanders of the Allied Forces (8th British Army) operating in San Marino
(Regional Commanders)
1944 LtGen. Sir Oliver William Hargreaves
Leese (until oct 01) 1884 - 1978
1944 LtGen. Sir Richard Loudon McCreery 1898 - 1967
Commander of the 4th Indian Infantry Division
(Local Commander)
1944 MajGen. Arthur Wilmot
Wadeson Holworthy 1897 - 1983
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HEADS OF STATE
Capitani Regenti
The two Capitani Regenti were elected for a period of six months starting on apr
01
and oct 01 of each year.
1847 - 1848 -Giuliano Malpeli (8x)
-Biagio Martelli (3x)
1848 -Giuseppe Gozi (3x)
-Marino Malpeli (2x)
1848 - 1849 -Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (5x)
-Pietro Righi (3x)
1849 -Domenico Maria Belzoppi (4x) 1796 - 1860
-Pier Matteo Berti (5x)
1849 - 1850 -Giambattista Braschi
-Marino Lonfernini (4x)
1850 -Vincenzo Angeli
-Costanzo Damiani (2x)
1850 - 1851 -Giambattista Bonelli (4x)
-Marino Berti (4x)
1851 -Francesco Guidi Giangi (7x)
-Marco Suzzi Valli
1851 - 1852 -Domenic Antonio Bartolotti (3x)
-Antonio Para
1852 -Melchiorre Filippi
-Pietro Righi (4x)
1852 - 1853 -Filippo Belluzzi (4x)
-Gaetano Simoncini
1853 -Domenico Maria Belzoppi (5x)
-Pier Matteo Berti (6x)
1853 - 1854 -Giambattista Braschi (2x)
-Francesco Valli (2x)
1854 -Girolamo Gozi (4x)
-Pietro Ugolini
1854 - 1855 -Francesco Guidi Giangi (8x)
-Pietro Barbieri
1855 -Gaetano Belluzzi
-Francesco Rossini
1855 - 1856 -Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi (6x)
-Marino Masi
1856 -Giuseppe Filippi
-Pietro Righi (5x)
1856 - 1857 -Melchiorre Filippi (2x)
-Gaetano Simoncini (2x)
1857 -Innocenzo Bonelli
-Domenico Fattori
1857 - 1858 -Settimio Belluzzi
-Giacomo Berti
1858 -Francesco Guidi Giangi (9x)
-Marino Malpeli (3x)
1858 - 1859 -Filippo Belluzzi (5x)
-Pasquale Marcucci
1859 -Giuliano Belluzzi
-Michele Ceccoli
1859 - 1860 -Palamede Malpeli
-Pier Matteo Berti (7x)
1860 -Giuseppe Filippi (2x)
-Pietro Righi (6x)
1860 - 1861 -Gaetano Belluzzi (2x)
-Costanzo Damiani (3x)
1861 -Settimio Belluzzi (2x)
-Giacomo Berti (2x)
1861 - 1862 -Melchiorre Filippi (3x)
-Domenico Fattori (2x)
1862 -Innocenzo Bonelli (2x)
-Gaetano Simoncini (3x)
1862 - 1863 -Francesco Guidi Giangi (10x)
-Pietro Tonnini 1... - 1894
1863 -Giuliano Belluzzi (2x)
-Michele Ceccoli (2x)
1863 - 1864 -Giuseppe Filippi (3x)
-Francesco Casali
1864 -Gaetano Belluzzi (3x)
-Pietro Righi (7x)
1864 - 1865 -Palamede Malpeli (2x)
-Pasquale Marcucci (2x)
1865 -Settimio Belluzzi (3x)
-Giacomo Berti (3x)
1865 - 1866 -Filippo Belluzzi (6x)
-Silvestro Masi
1866 -Innocenzo Bonelli (3x)
-Michele Vita
1866 - 1867 -Melchiorre Filippi (4x)
-Domenico Fattori (3x)
1867 -Giuliano Belluzzi (3x)
-Michele Ceccoli (3x)
1867 - 1868 -Gaetano Simoncini (4x)
-Pietro Righi (8x)
1868 -Palamede Malpeli (3x)
-Giuseppe Vagnini
1868 - 1869 -Pietro Tonnini (2x)
-Sante Lonfernini
1869 -Filippo Belluzzi (7x)
-Francesco Malpeli
1869 - 1870 -Settimio Belluzzi (4x)
-Giacomo Berti (4x)
1870 -Innocenzo Bonelli (4x)
-Ortollero Grazia
1870 - 1871 -Melchiorre Filippi (5x)
-Domenico Fattori (4x)
1871 -Gaetano Simoncini (5x)
-Pietro Ugolini (2x)
1871 - 1872 -Palamede Malpeli (4x)
-Luigi Pasquali
1872 -Giuliano Belluzzi (4x)
-Pietro Berti
1872 - 1873 -Federico Gozi
-Francesco Malpeli (2x)
1873 -Settimio Belluzzi (5x)
-Francesco Marcucci
1873 - 1874 -Giuseppe Filippi (4x)
-Marino Fattori
1874 -Filippo Belluzzi (8x)
-Marino Babboni
1874 - 1875 -Gaetano Simoncini (6x)
-Domenico Fattori (5x)
1875 -Palamede Malpeli (5x)
-Luigi Pasquali (2x)
1875 - 1876 -Pietro Tonnini (3x)
-Giuseppe Giacomini
1876 -Gaetano Belluzzi (4x)
-Sante Lonfernini (2x)
1876 - 1877 -Settimio Belluzzi (6x)
-Michele Ceccoli (4x)
1877 -Innocenzo Bonelli (5x)
-Andrea Barbieri
1877 - 1878 -Giuliano Belluzzi (5x)
-Pietro Ugolini (3x)
1878 -Domenico Fattori (6x)
-Marino Babboni (2x)
1878 - 1879 -Camillo Bonelli
-Pietro Berti (2x)
1879 -Gaetano Simoncini (7x)
-Marino Nicolini
1879 - 1880 -Federico Gozi (2x)
-Francesco Malpeli (3x)
1880 -Luigi Pasquali (3x)
-Giuseppe Giacomini (2x)
1880 - 1881 -Settimio Belluzzi (7x)
-Pasquale Busignani
1881 -Antonio Belluzzi
-Marino Martelli
1881 - 1882 -Domenico Fattori (7x)
-Teodoro Ceccoli
1882 -Marino Fattori (2x)
-Francesco Marcucci (2x)
1882 - 1883 -Giuliano Belluzzi (6x)
-Michele Ceccoli (5x)
1883 -Pietro Tonnini (4x)
-Sante Lonfernini (3x)
1883 - 1884 -Pietro Filippi
-Pietro Berti (3x)
1884 -Settimio Belluzzi (8x)
-Francesco Malpeli (4x)
1884 - 1885 -Federico Gozi (3x)
-Antonio Righi
1885 -Luigi Pasquali (4x)
-Pasquale Busignani (2x)
1885 - 1886 -Antonio Michetti
-Marino Nicolini (2x)
1886 -Domenico Fattori (8x)
-Teodoro Ceccoli (2x)
1886 - 1887 -Gaetano Simoncini (8x)
-Pietro Ugolini (4x)
1887 -Marino Fattori (3x)
-Settimio Lonfernini
1887 - 1888 -Pietro Filippi (2x)
-Federico Martelli
1888 -Settimio Belluzzi (9x)
-Marino Marcucci
1888 - 1889 -Federico Gozi (4x)
-Antonio Righi (2x)
1889 -Menetto Bonelli
-Marino Babboni (3x)
1889 - 1890 -Domenico Fattori (9x)
-Marino Nicolini (3x
1890 -Pietro Tonnini (5x)
-Francesco Marcucci (3x)
1890 - 1891 -Giuliano Belluzzi (7x)
-Pietro Ugolini (5x)
1891 -Pietro Filippi (3x)
-Federico Martelli (2x)
1891 - 1892 -Antonio Michetti (2x)
-Pasquale Busignani (3x)
1892 -Federico Gozi (5x)
-Silvestro Vita
1892 - 1893 -Gemino Gozi
-Giacomo Marcucci
1893 -Menetto Bonelli (2x)
-Marino Babboni (4x)
1893 - 1894 -Marino Fattori (4x)
-Pietro Francini
1894 -Pietro Tonnini (until aug 22)(6x)
replaced by :
-Giuliano Belluzzi (since aug 22) (8x)
-Francesco Marcucci (4x)
1894 - 1895 -Settimio Belluzzi (10x)
-Marino Borbiconi
1895 -Domenico Fattori (10x)
-Antonio Righi (3x)
1895 - 1896 -Federico Gozi (6x)
-Vincenzo Mularoni
1896 -Giovanni Bonelli
-Settimio Lonfernini (2x)
1896 - 1897 -Menetto Bonelli (3x)
-Marino Babboni (5x)
1897 -Luigi Tonnini
-Teodoro Ceccoli (3x)
1897 - 1898 -Antonio Belluzzi (2x)
-Pasquale Busignani (4x)
1898 -Pietro Filippi (4x)
-Onofrio Fattori
1898 - 1899 -Marino Borbiconi (2x)
-Francesco Marcucci (5x)
1899 -Gemino Gozi (2x)
-Giacomo Marcucci (2x)
1899 - 1900 -Federico Gozi (7x)
-Silvestro Vita (2x)
1900 -Domenico Fattori (11x)
-Antonio Righi (3x)
1900 - 1901 -Giovanni Bonelli (2x)
-Pietro Ugolini (6x)
1901 -Luigi Tonnini (2x)
-Marino Nicolini (4x)
1901 - 1902 -Antonio Belluzzi (3x)
-Pasquale Busignani (5x)
1902 -Onofrio Fattori (2x)
-Egidio Ceccoli
1902 - 1903 -Gemino Gozi (3x)
-Giacomo Marcucci (4x)
1903 -Federico Gozi (8x)
-Nullo Balducci
1903 - 1904 -Marino Borbiconi (3x)
-Francesco Marcucci (6x)
1904 -Menetto Bonelli (4x)
-Vincenzo Mularoni (2x)
1904 - 1905 -Luigi Tonnini (3x)
-Gustavo Babboni
1905 -Antonio Belluzzi (4x)
-Pasquale Busignani (6x)
1905 - 1906 -Onofrio Fattori (3x)
-Piermatteo Carattoni
1906 -Giovanni Belluzzi
-Pietro Francini (2x)
1906 - 1907 -Alfredo Reffi
-Giovanni Arzilli
1907 -Ciro Belluzzi
-Francesco Pasquali
1907 - 1908 -Giuseppe Angeli
-Francesco Valli
1908 -Menetto Bonelli (5x)
-Gustavo Babboni (2x)
1908 - 1909 -Olinto Amati
-Raffaele Michetti
1909 -Luigi Tonnini (4x)
-Domenico Suzzi Valli
1909 - 1910 -Marino Borbiconi (4x)
-Giacomo Marcucci (5x)
1910 -Alfredo Reffi (2x)
-Giovanni Arzilli (2x)
1910 - 1911 -Giovanni Belluzzi (2x)
-Luigi Lonfernini
1911 -Moro Morri
-Cesare Stacchini
1911 - 1912 -Onofrio Fattori (4x)
-Angelo Manzoni Borghesi
1912 -Gustavo Babboni (3x)
-Francesco Pasquali (2x)
1912 - 1913 -Menetto Bonelli (6x)
-Vincenzo Marcucci
1913 -Giuseppe Angeli (2x)
-Ignazio Grazia
1913 - 1914 -Cirro Belluzzi (2x)
-Domenico Suzzi Valli (2x)
1914 -Domenico Fattori (11x)
-Ferruccio Martelli
1914 - 1915 -Olinto Amati (2x)
-Cesare Stacchini (2x)
1915 -Moro Morri (2x)
-Antonio Burgagni
1915 - 1916 -Alfredo Reffi (3x)
-Luigi Lonfernini (2x)
1916 -Onofrio Fattori (5x)
-Ciro Francini
1916 - 1917 -Gustavo Babboni (4x)
-Giovanni Arzilli (3x)
1917 -Egisto Morri
-Vincenzo Marcucci (2x)
1917 - 1918 -Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (2x)
-Giuseppe Balducci
1918 -Ferruccio Martelli (2x)
-Ermenegildo Mularoni
1918 - 1919 -Protogene Belloni
-Francesco Morri
1919 -Domenico Vicini
-Pietro Suzzi Valli
1919 - 1920 -Moro Morri (3x)
-Francesco Pasquali
1920 -Marino Rossi
-Ciro Francini (2x)
1920 - 1921 -Carlo Balsimelli
-Simone Michelotti
1921 -Marino Della Balda
-Vincenzo Francini
1921 - 1922 -Egisto Morri (2x)
-Giuseppe Lanci
1922 -Eugenio Reffi
-Giovanni Arzilli (4x)
1922 - 1923 -Onofrio Fattori (6x)
-Giuseppe Balducci (2x)
1923 -Giuliano Gozi
-Filippo Mularoni
1923 - 1924 -Marino Borbiconi (5x)
-Mario Michetti
1924 -Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (3x)
-Francesco Mularoni
1924 - 1925 -Francesco Morri (2x)
-Girolamo Gozi
1925 -Marino Fattori
-Augusto Mularoni
1925 - 1926 -Valerio Pasquali
-Marco Marcucci
1926 -Manlio Gozi
-Giuseppe Mularoni
1926 - 1927 -Giuliano Gozi (2x)
-Ruggero Morri
1927 -Gino Gozi
-Marino Morri
1927 - 1928 -Marino Rossi (2x)
-Nelson Burgagni
1928 -Domenico Suzzi Valli (3x)
-Francesco Pasquali (2x)
1928 - 1929 -Francesco Morri (3x)
-Melchiorre Filippi
1929 -Girolamo Gozi (2x)
-Filippo Mularoni (2x)
1929 - 1930 -Ezio Balducci
-Aldo Busignani
1930 -Manlio Gozi (2x)
-Marino Lonfernini (until sep 10)
replaced by :
-Turiddu Foschi (since sep 16)
1930 - 1931 -Valerio Pasquali
-Gino Ceccoli
1931 -Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (4x)
-Francesco Mularoni
1931 - 1932 -Domenico Suzzi Valli (4x)
-Marino Morri (2x)
1932 -Giuliano Gozi (3x)
-Pompeo Righi
1932 - 1933 -Gino Gozi (2x)
-Ruggero Morri (2x)
1933 -Francesco Morri (4x)
-Settimio Belluzzi
1933 - 1934 -Carlo Balsimelli
-Melchiorre Filippi (2x)
1934 -Marino Rossi (3x)
-Giovanni Lonfernini
1934 - 1935 -Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (5x)
-Marino Michelotti
1935 -Federico Gozi
-Salvatore Foschi
1935 - 1936 -Pompeo Righi (2x)
-Marino Morri (3x)
1936 -Gino Gozi (3x)
-Ruggero Morri (3x)
1936 - 1937 -Francesco Morri (4x)
-Gino Ceccoli (2x)
1937 -Giuliano Gozi (4x)
-Settimio Belluzzi (2x)
1937 - 1938 -Marino Rossi (4x)
-Giovanni Lonfernini (2x)
1938 -Manlio Gozi (3x)
-Luigi Mularoni
1938 - 1939 -Carlo Balsimelli (2x)
-Celio Gozi
1939 -Pompeo Righi (3x)
-Marino Morri (4x)
1939 - 1940 -Marino Michelotti (2x)
-Orlando Reffi
1940 -Angelo Manzoni Borghesi (6x)
-Filippo Mularoni (3x)
1940 - 1941 -Federico Gozi (2x)
-Salvatore Foschi (2x)
1941 -Gino Gozi (4x)
-Secondo Menicucci
1941 - 1942 -Giuliano Gozi (5x)
-Giovanni Lonfernini (3x)
1942 -Settimio Belluzzi (3x)
-Celio Gozi
1942 - 1943 -Carlo Balsimelli (3x)
-Renato Martelli
1943 -Marino Michelotti (3x)
-Bartolomeo Manzoni Borghesi
1943 - 1944 -Marino Della Balda
-Sante Lonfernini
1944 -Francesco Balsimelli
-Sanzio Valentini
1944 - 1945 -Teodoro Lonfernini
-Leonida Suzzi Valli
1945 -Alvaro Casali 1... - 1978
-Vittorio Valentini
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MINISTERS
(possibly incomplete)
Ministers of Foreign Affairs
Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs Segretari di Stato per gli Affari esteri
(also de facto heads of government since ...)
18.. - 1859 Domenico Maria Belzoppi s.a.
1859 - 1908 Domenico Fattori s.a.
1908 - 1917 Menetto Bonelli s.a.
1917 - 1943 Giuliano Gozi
1943 - 1945 Gustavo Babboni s.a.
Ministers of Home Affairs
Secretaries General of State Segretari generali di Stato
18.. - 1853 Gianbattista Bonelli
185. - 1860 Innocenzo nobile Bonelli
Secretaries of State for Internal Affairs Segretari di Stato per gli Affari interni
1860 - 1872 Domenico Fattori s.a.
1872 - 1876 Camillo Bonelli
1876 - 1905 Giuliano Belluzzi s.a.
1905 - 1908 Gemino Gozi s.a.
1909 Onofrio Fattori s.a.
1909 - 1917 Giuseppe Forcellini s.a.
1917 - 1943 Giuliano Gozi* s.a.
1943 - 1945 Giuseppe Forcellini (2x)
Ministers of Finances
Secretaries of State for Finances Segretari di Stato per gli Finanze
18.. - 1857 ... Giannini
1857 - 1859 Domenico Fattori s.a.
1859 - 1907 The Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
1907 - The Secretaries of State for Internal Affairs
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