The Frisian island of Helgoland - till then a self-governing part of Denmark - was
occupied by the British in 1807 and formally ceded to them by the Treaty of Kiel
in 1814.
At first the Frisian inhabitants continued to enjoy selfgovernment, but in 1868 he
island simply became a British Crown Colony. (1)
(1) Originally intended to become a purely military settlement the island
soon became a gathering place not only for political opponents to the
German regimes, but also for all kind of German intellectuals and
undertakers.
Among them :
- Jacob Andresen Siemens (1794 - 1849) who in 1826 , founded a balnear
station, making the island one of the first touristic centres of
Northern Europe
- Heinrich Gätke (1814 - 1897), whose scientific work on the island,
made it one of the major centers for the study of bird migrations.
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BRITISH ADMINISTRATORS
Lieutenant Governors
1839 - 1857 John Hindmarsh 1775 - 1860
1857 - 1863 Richard Pattinson
1863 - 1868 Sir Fitzhardinge Berkeley Maxse 1832 - 1883
Governors
1868 - 1881 Sir Fitzhardinge Berkeley Maxse s.a.
1881 - 1888 John Terence Nicolls O'Brien 1830 - 1903
1888 - 1890 Arthur Cecil Stuart Barkly 1843 - 1890
GERMAN HELGOLAND
In 1890, in exchange of Germany giving up its claims on parts of Eastern Africa,
the island was returned to Germany and became a part of the Prussian province of
Schlesswig-Holstein.
In 1914 the whole island became a naval and submarine base, which was dismantled
after the Treaty of Versailles, but restored in 1935 during the N.S.D.A.P. regime.
In 1945 the island was again occupied by the British who turned it into an airbase.
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GERMAN ADMINISTRATORS
Helgoland was at first part of the Kreis of Süderdithmarschen. It was a separate
Kreis from 1923 to 1932 and thereafter it became part of the Kreis Pinneberg.
Landräte of Süderdithmarschen
1885 - 1897 Peter Junker Jürgensen
1897 ... Graf von Beylandt-Rheydt*
1898 - 1910 Adolf Hermann Harald Johansen
1910 - 1919 Otto Julius Ludwig Wachs
1919 Max Richter*
1920 - 1932 Friedrich Pauly
Landratgehilfen des Kreises Süderdithmarschen für Helgoland
1891 - 1892 ... Leo
1892 - 1894 ... von Eisenhart-Rothe
1894 - 1895 ... Schmidt von Schmiedereck
1895 - 1897 ... Graf von Beylandt-Rheydt s.a.
1897 - 1899 ... von Minckwitz
1899 - 1902 ... von Heppe
1902 - 1905 ... Graf von Heppe
1905 - 1906 Otto Julius Ludwig Wachs s.a.
1907 - 1908 ... Kleemann
1909 - 1914 ... Bahrfeldt
1914 - 1918 ... Helmke
1919 ... Verlohr
1919 - 1921 Ernst Poel
1921 - 1923 ... Krönig
Landräte of Helgoland
1923 - 1924 Hermann Pirscher
1925 - 1931 Gustav Etzel
1931 - 1932 Gustav Niendorf
Landräte of Pinneberg
1932 - 1945 Johann Justus Davignon
1945 Carl Georg Wittich*
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