See also ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN HAWAII 1848 - 1945
EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF HAWAII
KINGDOM OF HAWAII
The Kingdom of Hawaii was founded in 1795 - 1810 when Kamehameha I the Great, High
Chief of the island of Hawaii (1737 - 1819, r. over this island since 1790 and over
the whole archipelago since 1810) imposed his authority on the Chiefdoms of Kauai
and Maui. (1)
Although European nations like Great Britain and Russia did some attempts to take
over the islands, the Kingdom remained an independent state for most of the 19th
century, adopting many features of western political organization.
(For US infuence in Hawaii s.b.)
(1) The Chiefdom (or Kingdom) of Kauai covered the island of that name and the
island of Niihau.
After 1810 the ruling king was allowed to retain his titles and rights.
But as he acted very independently - even accepting Russian protection in
1816 - 1817 - and as his successor tried to restore complete independence,
the island was fully integrated into the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1824.
The Chiefdom (or Kingdom) of Maui covered the island of that name and the
islands of Lanai, Molokai and Oahu.
For some other islands annexed - or at least claimed by Hawaii - see here.
__________________________________________________________________________________
HEADS OF STATE
Kings - Queen
Full Style : ..., By the grace of God King/Queen of the Hawaiian Islands
House of Kamehameha
(ruled since 1810 over the whole archipelago)
1825 - 1854 Kamehameha III (Kalani Kauikeaouli) 1814 - 1854
1854 - 1863 Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho
Keawenui Iolani), nephew 1834 - 1863
1863 interregnum (hours on Nov 30)
Regent
1863 Kuhina Nui Princess
Victoria Kamamalu°
(Kaahuman'u IV), sister
of King Kamehameha IV 1838 - 1866
1863 - 1872 Kamehameha V (Lot Liholiho Kapuaiwa),
brother 1830 - 1872
1872 - 1873 interregnum
Ministers in charge
1872 - 1873 -Ferdinand William Hutchison,
Minister of the Interior and
acting Minister of Foreign
Affairs 1819 - 1893
-Stephen Henry Phillips,
Attorney General 1823 - 1897
-Robert Stirling, Minister of
Finance
House of Lunalilo
1873 - 1874 William Charles Lunalilo, cousin
of Kamehameha V 1835 - 1874
1874 interregnum
Ministers in charge
1874 -Charles Reed Bishop, Minister
of Foreign Affairs 1822 - 1915
-Edwin Oscar Hall, Minister
of the Interior 1810 - 1883
-Albert Francis Judd, Attorney
General 1838 - 1900
-Robert Stirling, Minister of
Finance s.a.
House of Kalakaua
1874 - 1891 David Kalakaua I (David La'amea
Kamanakapu'u Mahinulani Nalaiaehu-o-kalani
Lumialani Kalakaua) 1836 - 1891
Regent during the journey of the King to the US (where he died)
1890 - 1891 Princess Liliu-o-kalani°
(Lydia "Lili" Kamaka'eha)
sister of the King 1838 - 1917
1891 - 1893 Liliu-o-kalani°, confined to her palace
after the "revolution" of 1893 (s.b.) s.a.
__________________________________________________________________________________
MINISTERS
(Military affairs were - formally at least - under the direct care of the Heads of
State)
Kuhina Nui
(Formally styled "Premier of the Kingdom" from 1840 to 1852)
1845 - 1855 John Kaleipahala Young
"John Young II" (Keoni Ana
'Opio) 1810 - 1857
1855 - 1863 Princess Victoria Kamamalu°
(Kaahuman'u IV) s.a.
1863 - 1864 Prince Mataio Keawenui Kekuana'oa,
father of the previous and of Kings
Kamehameha IV and V 1791 - 1868
1864 : Office abolished
Ministers of Foreign Affairs
1845 - 1865 Robert Crichton Wyllie 1798 - 1865
1865 - 1868 Charles Victor Crosnier de Varigny 1829 - 1899
1868 - 1869 Stephen Henry Phillips* s.a.
1869 - 1872 Charles Coffin Harris 1822 - 1881
1872 - 1873 Ferdinand William Hutchison* s.a.
1873 - 1874 Charles Reed Bishop s.a.
1874 - 1876 William Lowthian Green
1876 - 1878 Henry A. P. Carter 1... - 1890
1878 Henry Augustus Peirce 1808 - 1885
1878 - 1880 John Makini Kapena
1880 Celso Caesar Moreno
1880 John E. Bush*
1880 - 1882 William Lowthian Green (2x)
1882 - 1886 Walter Murray Gibson 1822 - 1888
1886 R. J. Creighton
1886 - 1887 Walter Murray Gibson (2x)
1887 William Lowthian Green (3x)
1887 - 1890 Jonathan "Jona" Austin
1890 - 1891 John Adams Cummins
1891 - 1892 Samuel Parker
1892 Joseph A. Nawahi
1892 - 1893 Mark P. Robinson
1893 Samuel Parker (2x)
Ministers of the Interior
1846 - 1857 John Kaleipahala Young s.a.
1857 - 1863 LtGen. Prince Lot Liholiho Kapuaiwa
Kamehameha (= King Kamehameha V) s.a.
1863 - 1864 George Morison Robertson 1821 - 1867
1864 - 1865 C. G. Hopkins
1865 - 1873 Ferdinand William Hutchison s.a.
1873 - 1874 Edwin Oscar Hall s.a.
1874 Hermann A. Widemann
1874 - 187. William Lowthian Green* s.a.
187. - 1876 William Luther Moehonua 1824 - 1878
1876 - 1878 John Mott Smith 1824 - 1895
1878 - 1880 Samuel Gardner Wilder 1831 - 1888
1880 John E. Bush s.a.
1880 - 1882 Henry A. P. Carter s.a.
1882 Simon K. Kaai
1882 - 1883 John E. Bush (2x)
1883 Walter Murray Gibson s.a.
1883 - 1886 Charles T. Gulick
1886 Walter Murray Gibson (2x)
1886 - 1887 Luther Aholo
1887 - 1888 Lorrin Andrews Thurston 1858 - 1931
1888 Jonathan "Jona" Austin* s.a.
1888 - 1890 Lorrin Andrews Thurston (2x)
1890 - 1892 Charles N. Spencer
1892 Charles T. Gulick (2x)
1892 - 1893 George Norton Wilcox 1839 - 1933
1893 John F. Colburn
Attorneys General
1863 - 1866 Charles Coffin Harris s.a.
1866 - 1873 Stephen Henry Phillips s.a.
1873 - 1874 Albert Francis Judd s.a.
1874 Alfred Stedman Hartwell 1836 - 1912
1874 - 1875 R. H. Stanley 1... - 1875
1875 - 1876 J. S. Walker*
1876 William Richards Castle
1876 - 1878 Alfred Stedman Hartwell (2x)
1878 - 1880 Edward Preston
1880 W. Claude Jones
1880 J. S. Walker* (2x)
1880 - 1881 William Nevins Armstrong
1881 Henry A. P. Carter s.a.
1881 - 1882 William Nevins Armstrong (2x)
1882 - 1883 Edward Preston (2x)
1883 Walter Murray Gibson* s.a.
1883 - 1884 Paul Neumann
1884 - 1886 Walter Murray Gibson* (2x)
1886 John T. Dare
1886 John Lot Kaulukou
1886 Luther Aholo* s.a.
1886 - 1887 A. Rosa
1887 - 1890 C. W. Ashford
1890 - 1891 Arthur P. Peterson
1891 - 1892 W. Austin Whiting
1892 Hermann A. Widemann* s.a.
1892 Paul Neumann (2x)
1892 Charles Creighton
1892 - 1893 Cecil Brown
1893 Arthur P. Peterson (2x)
Ministers of Finance
1842 - 1849 Gerrit Parmele Judd 1803 - 1873
1849 - 1850 Edwin Oscar Hall* s.a.
1850 - 1853 Gerrit Parmele Judd (2x)
1853 - 1857 Elisha Hunt Allen 1804 - 1883
1857 - 1858 Robert Crichton Wyllie s.a.
1858 - 1862 David Lawrence Greg 18.. - 1868
1862 - 1863 Robert Crichton Wyllie (2x)
1863 - 1863 C. G. Hopkins s.a.
1863 - 1865 Charles Victor Crosnier de Varigny s.a.
1865 - 1869 Charles Coffin Harris s.a.
1869 - 1872 John Mott Smith s.a.
1872 - 1874 Robert Stirling s.a.
1874 Paul Nahaolelua 1806 - 1875
1874 – 1876 J. S. Walker s.a.
1876 - 1878 John Makini Kapena s.a.
1878 - 1880 Simon K. Kaai s.a.
1880 M. Kuaea
1880 - 1882 J. S. Walker (2x)
1882 John E. Bush s.a.
1882 - 1883 Simon K. Kaai (2x)
1883 - 1885 John Makini Kapena (2x)
1885 - 1886 Charles T. Gulick* s.a.
1886 - 1887 Paul P. Kanoa
1887 - 1889 Godfrey Brown
1889 - 1890 Samuel Mills Damon 1845 - 1924
1890 - 1891 Godfrey Brown (2x)
1891 Hermann A. Widemann s.a.
1891 Samuel Parker* s.a.
1891 John Mott Smith (2x)
1891 - 1892 Samuel Parker* (2x)
1892 Hermann A. Widemann (2x)
1892 E. C. Macfarlane
1892 William M. Cornwell
1892 - 1893 Peter Cushman Jones 1837 - 1922
1893 William M. Cornwell (2x)
REPUBLIC OF HAWAII
When in 1893 the queen prepared a new constitution curtailing the powers of western
planters who had settled on the islands in the course of the previous years and had
become very influential, a Citizen’s Committee of Public Safety seized power and de
facto ended the monarchy.
After a transitional period a Republic of Hawaii - dominated by the planters - was
formally organized in 1894. (1)
(1) Citizen's Committee of Public Safety
(14 Jan 1893 - 17 Jan 1893)
1893 -Henry Ernest Cooper (Chairman) 1857 - 1929
-Crister Bolte
-Andrew Brown
-Charles L. Carter
-William Richards Castle s.a.
-John Emmeluth
-Theodore F. Lansing
-John A. McCandless
-F. W. McChesney
-William Owen Smith 1838 - 1929
-Edward Suhr
-Henry Waterhouse
-William C. Wilder
In 1895 Royalist groups headed by Robert William Wilcox (1855 - 1903) did
a failed attempt the restore the Hawaiian monarchy.
As a consequence Queen Liliu-o-kalani (s.a.) was arrested and forced to
abdicate. In 1896 she was released and continued as head of the Hawaiian
royal house until her death in 1917.
Thereafter the leadership passed to another Hawaiian noble family, the
Kawananakoa.
Head of the Royal House
1917 - 1953 Prince Edward David Kalakaua Kawananakoa 1904 - 1953
__________________________________________________________________________________
CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR AND HEAD OF STATE
(also in charge of military affairs)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Provisional Government
1893 Sanford Ballard Dole 1844 - 1926
President of the Provisional Government
1893 - 1894 Sanford Ballard Dole s.a.
President
1894 - 1900 Sanford Ballard Dole s.a.
__________________________________________________________________________________
MINISTERS
The last mentioned ministers are all listed as still being in charge in nov 1899.
Possible successors until the formation of the territory not known.
Ministers of Foreign Affairs
1893 - 1894 Sanford Ballard Dole s.a.
1894 - 1895 Francis March Hatch
1895 - 1896 Henry Ernest Cooper s.a.
1896 William Owen Smith* s.a.
1896 - 1897 Henry Ernest Cooper (2x)
1897 Samuel Mills Damon 1845 - 1924
1897 - 1899 Henry Ernest Cooper (3x)
1899 - 1... Ernest A. Mott-Smith
Ministers of the Interior
1893 - 1898 James A. King
1898 Henry Ernest Cooper* s.a.
1898 James A. King (2x)
1898 Henry Ernest Cooper* (2x)
1898 - 1... James A. King (3x)
Attorneys General
1893 - 1895 William Owen Smith s.a.
1895 Francis March Hatch* s.a.
1895 Henry Ernest Cooper* s.a.
1895 - 1897 William Owen Smith (2x)
1897 Henry Ernest Cooper* (2x)
1897 - 1899 William Owen Smith (3x)
1899 - 1... Henry Ernest Cooper (3x)
Ministers of Finance
1893 Peter Cushman Jones (2x) 1837 - 1922
1893 T. C. Porter
1893 - 1896 Samuel Mills Damon (2x) s.a.
1896 James A. King* s.a.
1896 - 1897 Samuel Mills Damon (3x)
1897 Henry Ernest Cooper* s.a.
1897 Theodore F. Lansing s.a.
1897 - 1... Samuel Mills Damon (4x)
US TERRITORY OF HAWAII
In 1898 Hawaii was formally annexed to the US, its republican government continuing
however the provisional administration of the islands until the formation of the
US Territory of Hawaii in 1900. (1)
(1) Formal relations between the Kingdom of Hawaii and the US started in 1826
when a first treaty was signed between the two states.
This was followed by the signing of other treaties (1850, 1874) and by the
1890's the Kingdom had largely become a US dependency in all but in name.
US Diplomatic Representatives to Hawaii
Commissioners
1845 - 1848 Anthony Ten Eyck 1810 - 1867
1849 - 185. Charles Eames
1853 - 1858 David Lawrence Gregg 18.. - 1868
1858 - 1861 James Wallace Borden 1810 - 1882
1861 - 1863 Thomas Jefferson Dryer 1808 - 1879
Ministers Resident
1863 - 1866 James McBride 1802 - 1875
1866 - 1868 Edward Moody McCook 1833 - 1909
1869 - 1877 Henry Augustus Peirce s.a.
1877 - 1882 James Monroe Stewart Comly 1832 - 1887
1882 - 1885 Rollin Mallory Daggett 1831 - 1901
1885 - 1889 George W. Merrill 1837 -
1889 - 1890 John Leavitt Stevens 1820 - 1895
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
1890 - 1893 John Leavitt Stevens, proclaimed an US
protectorate over Hawaii after the
"revolution" of 1893 (feb 01) and
annexed the islands to the US (feb 14),
resigned after the US government had
opposed his proclamation of annexation. s.a.
Special Commissioner
1893 James Henderson Blount, dispatched by
US government to investigate on the
situation created by the revolution and
the attempt of annexation 1837 - 1903
Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary
1893 - 1897 Albert Shelby Willis 1843 - 1897
1897 - 1898 Harold Marsh Sewall 1860 - 1924
Special Agent
1898 - 1... Harold Marsh Sewall, entrusted with
the supervision of the republican
administration after the annexation
of 1898 s.a.
_________________________________________________________________________________
TERRITORIAL OFFICERS
Territorial Governors
(subordinated to the Department of the Interior)
1900 - 1903 Sanford Ballard Dole s.a.
1903 - 1907 George Robert Carter 1866 - 1933
1907 - 1913 Walter Francis Frear 1863 - 1948
1913 - 1918 Lucius Eugene Pinkham 1850 - 1922
1918 - 1921 Charles James McCarthy 1861 - 1928
1921 - 1929 Wallace Rider Farrington 1871 - 1933
1929 - 1934 Lawrence McCully Judd 1887 - 1968
1934 - 1942 Joseph Boyd Poindexter (2) 1869 - 1951
1942 - 1951 Ingram Macklin Stainback 1883 - 1961
(2) After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 martial law was imposed
and for the next three years all normal civil liberties were suspended.
Military Governors
(= Commanding Generals of the Hawaiian Department, under the War Department)
1941 LtGen. Walter Campbell Short 1880 - 1949
1941 - 1943 LtGen. Delos Carleton Emmons 1888 - 1965
1943 - 1944 LtGen. Robert Charlwood Richardson Jr.,
also Commander in Chief US Army forces
Central Pacific 1882 - 1954
__________________________________________________________________________________
REPRESENTATIVES TO THE US CONGRESS
Territorial Delegates
1900 - 1903 Robert William Wilcox s.a.
1903 - 1922 Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole 1871 - 1922
1922 - 1923 Henry Alexander Baldwin 1871 - 1946
1923 - 1927 William Paul Jarrett 1877 - 1929
1927 - 1933 Victor Stewart Kaleoaloha Houston 1876 - 1959
1933 - 1935 Lincoln Loy McCandless 1859 - 1940
1935 - 1943 Samuel Wilder King 1886 - 1959
1943 - 1954 Joseph Rider Farrington 1897 - 1954
HOMEINDEX
