FIFTY YEARS of VIOLATIONS of Human Rights in Communist Vietnam 1945-1995

CHAPTER I: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Communist Ideology and Goals
The Land Reform
The Oppression Against the Intellectuals in North Vietnam
The Appropriation of Private Industry and Business Enterprise in North Vietnam
Terrorism Against Political Parties -- The Internal Conflict
Oppression, Repression, and Terrorism in South Vietnam

CHAPTER II: THE "NORTHERNIZATION" OF SOUTH VIETNAM

The Reeducation
The Appropriation of Private Industry and Business Enterprise
The Mass Arrest of Journalists, Writers, Artists, and Intellectuals
The Mass Arrest of Religion Dignitaries and Followers

CHAPTER III: THE POPULAR RESISTANCE AGAINST COMMUNISM

The Indirect Causes
The Immediate Causes
The Repression Against Public Figures
The Movement of Resistance
The Struggle
Opposition within the Communist System

CHAPTER IV: THE OPPRESSION AND REPRESSION AGAINST RELIGIONS

Religious Policy
Religious Policies in South Vietnam
Repressive Measures Against Religions in South Vietnam
The Hoa Hao Buddhist Church
The Vietnam Buddhist Faith of Four Good Graces
The Cao Dai Church
The Therevada Buddhist Church
The Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam
Discrimination and Measures
The Survival of the Unified Buddhist Church
The Vietnam Buddhist Church
The Evangelical Christian Church
The Catholic Church

CHAPTER V: A GLIMPSE ON THE POLICIES OF THE VIETNAMESE COMMUNIST PARTY

The Policy Guidelines
Evaluation
Civil Rights under Communist Vietnam
Human Rights under Communist Vietnam
The Struggle for Freedom, Democracy, and Human Rights
The Way to Overcome Fear

CHAPTER VI: HUMAN CONDITION UNDER COMMUNIST VIETNAM

Life under Communist Vietnam
Charges Against the Vietnamese Communist Party
The Tragedy of the Vietnamese People

CHAPTER VII: THE LAW AND JUSTICE UNDER COMMUNIST VIETNAM

The Law
Justice under the Communist Rule

CHAPTER VIII: LIFE IN REEDUCATION CAMPS AND PRISONS

Statistics on Deaths at Camps
Prisons and Camps
Camp Measures
Alimentary Deficiency
Food Rations
Labor Exploitation
Health Care -- Medical Treatment
Illness
Punishment
Separate Confinement
Mental Torture
Humiliation
Deaths
Executions
Revenge on the Prisoner
Terms of Detention
Correspondence
Currency Exchange
Visits
Protest at Camp
Under the Administrative Detention
Political and Social Discrimination
Requests
Remarks
Recommendations

CHAPTER IX: VIOLATIONS OF LAWS AND TREATIES

Comments on the 1992 Constitution
Violations of the Constitutional Law
Violation of the Paris Treaty of 1973
Violation of the Geneva Convention
Relative to the Protection of Civilian in the Time of War
Violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Violation of International Covenants

BIOLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX