This book crowns a 60-year saga - a staircase whose each step rises from its predecessor with addition of a fundamental new concept - a procession without having to recant.

Sixty years ago, I had long accepted Wegener's work on gross dispersion of the continents, with reservation about his mechanism. (The tectonic evolution of New Guinea and Melanesia)

Methods were devised for the accurate comparison of shapes on a globe, without the distortion of projections. (Wegener's South America-Africa assembly, Fit or Misfit?)

The rebuttal of the authoritative dismissals by Jeffreys, Simpson, and Schuchert followed. Such competent great men too often reject out-of hand radical concepts contrary to their creed

The physics of rock flow in the conditions within orogens and below continents is the key to gross dispersion of continents. (The Rheid concept in Geotectonics)

The interpretation of gneisses schists and complex folding as evidence of horizontal compression is false. (Folding)

Gross displacement of continents implied major horizontal-plane bending and stretching of orogenic belts. (The orocline concept in Geotectonics) Reversal of such strains reconstructed Wegener's Pangea.

Mental models often neglect exponent difference of physical parameters. Global tectonics imply models different from structural geology. (Scale of tectonic phenomena)

Study of the whole globe reveals that the dispersion of the continents was only possible if the globe had grossly expanded---doubled since the Paleozoic. (Continental Drift - a symposium)

Earth expansion has been asymmetric - southern hemisphere greater than the northern, spreading eastward more than westward. (The asymmetry of the Earth)

Oceans have expanded by cambium-like paired growth from the spreading ridges. (Holland Memorial Address)

After decades of scorn, Americans recognized that oceans were expanding with paired growth at the spreading ridges, but reintroduced the false subduction concept (the German Einschluckung) to hold their false creed of constant earth volume. They had come half way from their fixist stand of the 'fifties. They must now take the other step.

Expansion of the Earth implied that the cause was a property of the solar system and Universe, which Hubble had found to be expanding whereas Newton's law required it to be contracting. (A philosophy of the Earth and Universe)

I resolved this conflict by the recognition of a very small term involving size, not detectable by Newton in his solar system data, but dominant at galactic scales. (The expanding Earth-Developments in Tectonics. Elsevier)

Gamov introduced a bogus big bang which explained Hubble's expansion and the universal background radiation near absolute zero. Both the expansion and radiation are inevitable in an infinite cosmos. (Theories of the Earth and Universe Stanford)

Einstein's equation, E=mc², has been misinterpreted. Mass and energy are inseparable opposites, born together and expiring together, like plus and minus, top and bottom, Yin and Yang. (The necessity for Earth expansion)

The Universe is bounded for any observer by the distance at which recession velocity reaches the velocity of light. We cannot know of any object beyond. There are as many universes as observers, integrated as the Cosmos. Such a universe necessarily implies a background radiation where the radiation from individual galaxies cannot be resolved.

Finally, my sincere thanks and gratitude are due to Mrs June Pongratz whose dedication and expertise have contributed so much to this task, and to Miss Deborah Harding for her loyalty and skill in the preparation of so many of the figures.

This saga is not complete. I am now 84, so do not expect to live to recognize the next step. Another must take over the baton.