Chapter 1

1. Ptolemy clock in Exeter Cathedral
2. Werner's grave

3. Histogram of African orogenesis
4. Correlated BIF bore cores
5. Blanket conglomerate South Africa
6. Gondwana glaciation on reconstructed Earth
7. Bouguer anomalies over Semail Ophiolite
8a. Cyprus Bouguer anomalies
8b. Cyprus isostatic anomalies
9. Diapiric ophiolites and gneiss domes
10. Isostatic constraints on orogens and oroclines

11. Paired orogens and basins of Europe and southwest Asia
12. Diapiric orogenesis
13. Similar and concentric folding
14. Salt glacier in Iran
15. Folding in Grand Saline Salt Mine
16. Concentric folding implies decollement
17. Left: Similar folding greatly lengthens and thins beds even in widened crust Right: Overprinting sequence greatly affects the pattern
18. The most complex folding with intense boudinage may may imply only flow without any crustal shortening
19. Oval, crescent bow and heart-shaped outcrop patterns develop when axes of flow diverge
20. Well-mapped Appalachian orogenic patterns may equally imply diapirism as horizontal compression
21. Appalachian clastic wedges of different geological periods imply diapirism not
compressional genesis
22. Published sections across the Alps combined with pattern in plan (Figure 36) could only be generated by diapirism
23. The outward flow pattern of the Malaspina Glacier resembles the upward flow pattern of the Alps, but the Alps flatten under their weight
24. Published compressional models of the Himalayan compression are fully consistent with diapiric genesis
25. Stages in the diapiric evolution of Tibet with crustal extension
26. Diapiric granitoid domes in the High Himalaya: Le Fort's "string of pearls"
27. Diapiric granitoid complex near Gilgit
28. Repeated injection of salt lobes in Heide salt diapir (after Bentz)
29. Lens-shaped high country of the Tibetan Diapirs
30. New Guinea diapirs
31. Gurla Mandhata diapir and the Goodenough diapir
32. Contours on part of active Dayman diapir contrasting no dissection of currently emerged part and extensive dissection of earlier emerged region

33. Conjugate global torsions on Mercator projections
34. Global torsions on globular projections
35. Megashears and transverse faults associated with the Tethyan Torsion
36. Tethyan Torsion solves the complex tectonics of the western Mediterranean
37. Evolution stages of the Western Mediterranean
38. Carpathian diapirs
39. Structure between Spain and Persian Gulf, and Triassic reconstruction
40. Structure between Mediterranean and the Pacific, Triassic reconstruction
41. Strain pattern of the Himalayas and Tibet
42. The Red River Megashear
43. Tectonics of East Asia
44. Triassic reconstruction of western Pacific
45. Similar morphology of Alps and East Indies
46a. Structure of southwest Pacific
46b. New Hebrides diapirs
47. Tethyan Torsion across the Pacific
48. Tensional extension of America
49. North-south symmetry of the Americas
50. Cloos' model of Gulf of Mexico
51. Chalk Draw-Carter Valley fault, Texas
52. Tethyan Torsion through Puerto Rico
53. Amazon megashear
54. Sinistral drag from Trinidad to Panama
55. Devonian paleomagnetic sinistral shift along the Appalachians
56. Devonian sinistral torsion in North Carolina
57. Devonian sinistral torsion along Appalachian axis
58. Ordovician glacials and coral limestone
59. Sinistral offset of Grenville front
60. Novaya Zemlya oroclines
61. Tectonic provinces of Asia (Holmes)
62. Photo of 72-inch globe
63. Dextral torsion from East Indies to West Indies
64. Tan-Lu megashear
65. Basin-and-Range genesis according to Becker (1934)
66. Rotations of Mendocino Orocline, Basin-and-Range, Cascade volcanoes, Rocky Mtn Trench, and San Andreas system
67. The San Andreas system
68. Nevada vulcanism along Sinian megashear
69. Sinian and Tethyan torsions in the United States

70. Masirah shear zone
71. Circum Antarctic spreading
72. Alaskan Orocline of Carey (1956)
73. Rotational flow about the Alaskan Orocline
74. "Orange-peel" effect of Earth expansion
75. Alaskan Orocline with radial sphenochasms
76. Rotational flow about the Alaskan Orocline extends right down the Atlantic
77. Earthquake frequency on east and west Pacific borders
78. Asymmetric spreading of the Pacific
79. Indian Ocean morphology
80. Indian Ocean tectonics
81. Separation of India and Australia
82. Argand's Gondwanaland
83. Crawford's match of India and Western Australia
84. Permian isopachs according to Ahmad

85. Himalayan Rivers (after Gansser)
86. Pleistocene volcanism of Tibet
87. Wallace's Line

88. Drafting on spherical table with spherically molded foil
89. Pangea by Wegener (1915), Carey (1945), and Dietz & Holden (1970)
90. The Pacific perimeter paradox
91. Differential offset of Australia and Antarctica from India
92. 34^o shift north of Australia leaves only crust risen during last 100 Ma
93. Earth's first-order polygons
94. Africa's second-order polygons
95. Second-order polygons of Western Australia
96. Second-order polygons extend globally
97. Third- and fourth-order polygons of Japan
98. Epeirogenic jointing at Eaglehawk Neck, Tasmania
99. Epeirogenic jointing on dolerite plateau, Tasmania
100. Growth of primary polygons since Jurassic
101. Paleopole overshoot
102. Effect of Earth expansion on paleopole overshoot
103. Zodiac Fan
104. Truncated Precambrian grain of North America
105. Andean trenches
106. Similar morphology of glacial Bergschrund, landslide, and trenches
107. NASA geodesy
108. Vogel's reconstructed globe inside a transparent globe of twice the radius
109. Perry's computer reconstruction of Atlantic spreading
110. Continental crust encloses the whole globe on the reconstructed Earth
111. Triassic reconstruction of the Earth
112. Evolution of the Earth

113. Mirandas' coronae
114. Asymmetry of Mars
115. The great glaciation of Mars according to Baker et al.
116. Saturn's Kirkwood gaps
117. Trojan asteroids
118. Resonance of asteroids with Jupiter
119. Pluto's orbit in resonance with Neptune
120. Toro's orbit crosses orbits of Venus, Earth, and Mars
121. Toro in capture resonance with Earth
122 Toro in capture resonance with Venus
123. Moon's orbit about the Sun is wavy because of Earth's attraction
124. Speculation on fate of Solar System

125. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
126. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram interpreted as a sequence

127. The Newton-Hubble null and Olbers' window