instde2

Introduction

2 major groups of insecticides, namely nerve poisons and muscles poisons.

Most conventional insecticides act as nerve poisons

Nerve poisons

¾ narcotics

¾ axonic poisons

¾ synaptic poisons

Narcotics’ mode of action

¾ physical

¾ induces unconsciousness

¾ their action is reversible

Axonic poisons

¾ interrupt normal axonic transmission of nervous system

¾ induce changes in axonic membrane permeability

¾ result in convulsions, paralysis and death.

Synaptic poisons

¾ interrupt normal synaptic transmission of nervous system

¾ inhibit a nerve enzyme, acetylcholinesterase

¾ cause a buildup of acetylcholine and a malfunction of the transmitting system

¾ symptoms include restlessness, hyperexcitability, tremors and convulsions, paralysis and death

Muscle poisons

¾ disrupt membrane of muscle

¾ result in up to tenfold increase in oxygen consumption

¾ flaccid paralysis and death

All insecticides block metabolic processes in insects

3 chemical groups ¾ carbamates, pyrethroids and organophosphates

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