Sticking in the knife
EXAMINER: What is electricity?
CANDIDATE: Oh sir, I'm sure I've learned what it is, I'm sure I did know --- but I've forgotten.
EXAMINER: How very unforunate. Only two persons have ever known what electricity is, the author of nature and yourself. Now one of them has forgotten.
This sarcastic exchange at an Oxford exam in 1890 may be regarded as typical in the repertoire of those examiners who, for particular reasons, wish to destroy candidates for scientific degrees. S.D.Mason, in the 1956 Proceedings od the IRE, has compiled this set of rules for examiners.
From the point of view of the examiner, the purpose of the oral examination is to crush the examinee, thereby avoiding the messy problem of postexamination decision. This aim can be realized through diligent application of the following rules.
- Before beginning the examination, make it clear to the examinee that its (note the pronoun - try to use it in front of the candidate when talking to other examiners about it) whole professional career may turn on this perfomance. Stress the importance and the formality of the occasion. Put it in its proper place at the outset.
- Ask your hardest question first. This is important. If your first question is sufficiently difficult, it will be too rattled to answer later questions, no matter how easy they may be. But it is not advisable to have easy questions - a good rule of thumb is never to ask questions that you yourself would be able to answer in a similar situation.
- Be reserved and stern in addressing the examinee. But by contrast, be very jolly with the other examiners.
- Make it answer each question your way, especially if it is esoteric. Constrain it. Put limitations and qualifications into each question. The effect is to complicate an otherwise simple problem.
- Force it into a trivial error and then let it puzzle over it for as long as possible. Just after it sees its mistake, but before it has a chance to explain itself, correct it yourself, disdainfully. This takes real perception and timing , which can only be obtained with practice.
- When it finds itself deep in a hole, never lead it out. Instead, sigh and shift to a new topic.
- Ask it snide questions like "Didn't you learn even that in Freshman class?"
- Never permit it to ask you clarifying questions. Never repeat or clarify your own statement of the problem. Tell it not to think aloud; what you want is the answer.
- Every few minutes, ask it if it nervous.
- Station yourself and the other examiners so that it cannot face all of you at once. This will anable you to expose it to crossfire. Wait till it turns from you to someone else, and then, suddenly, ask it a short, direct question. With proper co-ordination, it may be possible to spin the examinee through several complete revolutions. More reasearch is needed into the problem of what kind of chair causes more grief - a spinning one or not.
- The best lighting system would be one that tends to focus on the candidate, with some examiners hidden in total darkness, others in partial.
- Wear dark glasses (If you're one of those in partial darkness) - inscrutability is unnerving.
- Having the candidate sitting in a chair with a cushion from which air slowly seeps out can give it a rather sinking feeling. Examiners must be seated at a slightly higher altitude.
- Terminate the exam by telling it: "Don't call us. We'll call you."
Similar procedures can be used for screening out unwanted candidates at job interviews.
this chapter was extracted from `Eureka, a book of scientific anecdotes' by Adrian Berry