# 1 - What is Apartheid?

Introduction
South Africa is found on the southern most tip of the African continent. For more than three centuries, South Africa was a site of struggle between an expanding European population and various indigenous and immigrant population groups. This struggle led to the development of the Apartheid system of classification in South Africa. In this lesson we will look at how this system started and the repercussions it caused.
Curricular Connections
This lesson is connected to the following themes found in the NCSS standards.
- Culture (1)
- Time, Continuity, & Change (2)
- People, Places, & Environments (3)
- Individual Development & Identity (4)
- Individuals, Groups, & Institutions (5)
- Power, Authority, & Governance (6)
- Global Connections (9)
- Civic Ideals & Practices (10)
Time
This lesson will encompass five periods of a 50-60 minute timeslot. The first day will set the backdrop for the other four days of activities.
Materials
Computer and projection system for power point
Large poster-board, paints, markers, pens, etc. for timelines and stamp posters
Objectives
The students will analyze how and why one system of segregation started in a part of the world.
The students will comprehend the fact that although we are all different and can be put into different classifications, we all share commonalties that bind us together.
The students will assess and evaluate the importance of civil rights and the consequences that arise when those issues aren't addressed.
Procedures
Day One - Power Point Presentation (Activity One)
Day Two - Timeline Activity (Activity Two)
Day Three - Stamp/Poster Activity (Activity Three)
Day Four - Writing Prompt & Outside Activity (Activities Four & Five)
Day Five - Poem/Writing Activity (Activity Six)
Application
The application for this lesson will follow Gardener's eight intelligences. These intelligences include Logical/Mathematical, Verbal/Linguistic, Visual/Spatial, Musical/Rhythmic, Body/Kinesthetic, Naturalist, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal.
Activity One - Visual/Spatial
A power point presentation will be shown explaining historical background and relevant material for the rest of the lesson.
Activity Two - Logical/Mathematical & Visual/Spatial
The students will create a timeline of events leading up to the Apartheid system and Acts created under the system.
The students can use the websites found at the bottom of this lesson for help, as well as information from the power point presentation.
Activity Three - Body/Kinesthetic & Intrapersonal
The students will create poster size stamps to commemorate a person or an event that took place during the time of Apartheid.
They will then give a brief explanation as to what the stamp represents.
The posters will be hung on a wall in the school showing the rest of the classes what we have been studying.
Activity Four - Verbal/Linguistic & Intrapersonal
The students will be given two prompts to chose from and write a response on one or both.
The prompts are: "How was it possible for a minority population to control a majority population?"
And "Take either the side of the white population or the oppressed population and write a diary entry explaining your way of life and what might happen in a typical day or week."
Activity Five - Naturalist & Interpersonal
Systems of classification can be found everywhere in nature.
Take the students outside and have them collect different types of leaves.
When they have collected a good number of leaves (approx. 5-10 minutes) have them come back and explain the differences among them, then the similarities.
Ask them how they can be different and still do the same thing or have the same purpose.
Then ask how this can relate to the classification system of Apartheid.
Activity Six - Musical/Rhythmic
& Interpersonal
The students will create a poem related to the Apartheid using the Cinquain format.
The Cinquain format is as follows.
Line 1 - 1 Noun
Line 2 - 2 Adjectives
Line 3 - 3 Verbs
Line 4 - 4 Word Phrase Giving Your Reaction or Feeling
Line 5 - Repeat Line 1 or Synonym
- The students will then share their poems with others in the class and combine them into one larger poems.
- The class will then recite the poems created.
Bibliography
Apartheid History
Web Site - South Africa - Apartheid

# 2 - Nelson Mandela

Introduction
Mandela's words, "The struggle is my life," are not to be taken lightly. Nelson Mandela personifies struggle. He is still leading the fight against apartheid with extraordinary vigor and resilience after spending nearly three decades behind bars. He has sacrificed his private life and his youth for his people and remains South Africa's best known and loved hero.
Curricular Connections
This lesson is connected to the following themes found in the NCSS standards.
- Time, Continuity, & Change (2)
- People, Places, & Environments (3)
- Individual Development & Identity (4)
- Individuals, Groups, & Institutions (5)
- Power, Authority, & Governance (6)
- Civic Ideals & Practices (10)
Time
This lesson will encompass four 50-60 minute periods and allow time for review for the assessment activity. The assessment activity will be given on the fifth day.
Materials
Computers for the whole class with internet access
poster-boards, banners, markers, paints, etc.
Large space for demonstration, auditorium or cafeteria
Worksheets containing the Logical/Mathematical portion of the lesson
Copies of the assessment activity
Objectives
The students will acquire a working knowledge of Nelson Mandela and what he represents.
The students will evaluate the complexity of the Apartheid system and how it influenced his life.
The students will examine the efforts of Nelson Mandela toward civil rights in South Africa.
Prodedures
Day One - Writing Prompts
Day Two - Protest Exercise
Day Three - Protest Exercise (Part 2)
Day Four - Correct Sequence of Events & Review Day
Day Five - Unit Evaluation
Applications
The application for this lesson will follow Gardener's eight intelligences. These intelligences include Logical/Mathematical, Verbal/Linguistic, Visual/Spatial, Musical/Rhythmic, Body/Kinesthetic, Naturalist, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal.
Activity One - Intrapersonal, Naturalistic, & Verbal/Linguistic
The students will use the computer lab to look at the documents listed in the bibliography found at the end of this lesson.
The Students will write response to two prompts given to them.
The prompts are, "I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." - Nelson Mandela The students will be asked if there has been anything in their lives they have felt this strongly about and explain.
The second prompt, How did the discovery of diamonds and gold in South Africa lead to the establishment of segregation laws "apartheid?"
Activity Two - Interpersonal, Body/Kinesthetic, Musical/ Rhythmic, & Visual Spatial
The students will organize a "peaceful" demonstration and protest rally.
First pick a topic to demonstrate to the rest of the school (from this unit or others.)
Create signs, posters, and banners supporting your cause.
Create a chant or slogan that can be said throughout the demonstration to reinforce the ideas.
Arrange for a day to hold your demonstration and rally (as in a auditorium or cafeteria.)
Activity Three - Logical Mathematical
The students will be given a handout with a list of activities in Nelson Mandela's life.
They must put the activities in their correct order.
The remaining of the day will be spent reviewing for the evaluation.
The activities to be put into order:
Nelson Mandela elected as President of South Africa. (7)
Mandela becomes a lawyer in South Africa. (2)
Mandela co-founds the ANCYL. (1)
Mandela is imprisoned for illegal exit from country and incitement to strike. (4)
Mandela founds Umkhonto we Sizwe, trained for guerilla warfare. (3)
Mandela is released from prison. (5)
Mandela denounces violence and armed struggle. (6)
Activity Four - Unit Evaluation
The students will be asked to participate in a wonderful assessment of this unit. The assessment module and rubric are found in this unit.
Bibliography
Web Site - Nelson Mandela Home Page
Web Site - Nelson Mandela Bibliography
Web Site - Nelson Mandela Books
