1.- The appearance of Man.
2.- The evolution of Woman and the start of Civilization.
3.- Morals, Ethics, Etiquette and the Law.
4.- The Law as object of Politics.
5.- Skepticism in Politics.

A few millions of years ago our ancestors --the 'MENWOMEN'-- lived in an unstructured way: there was no Society, and reproduction was haphazard, whereby anyone could function as male or as female, impregnate or be impregnated, sire or give birth and breast-feed.
One day --as a result of a chromosomal deletional mutation-- a defective creature was born. He lacked the female anatomical characteristics and was bigger and stronger. As he matured, he impregnated many Menwomen. This defective creature, this giant --this Man-- sired many sturdy Men, who in turn populated the earth. The Menwomen were comparatively weak to compete with those Titans, becoming as a result relegated to a passive, receptive, fruitive role. When a Manwoman gave birth to a Man, 'shehe' suffered pain, for this son was big: only Menwomen with wide hips were able to survive the delivery of a son --of a Man.

With the passing of time, the male attributes of Menwomen atrophied by reasons of Natural Selection, while their female characteristics, accordingly, became salient. And so, Woman slowly evolved and became perfected.

One day a Man --while lazily picking up lice from his hairy skin-- was watching disinterestedly a Woman. She approached --exuding a powerful scent and walking with a swinging motion along a single line. He realized that she was special, and that he desired her, not only for penetration, but also to become one flesh with her --to keep her for himself, by his side. Others reacted similarly, and he experienced a strange, unpleasant sensation, which he was still unable to interpret as an emotion: he felt jealousy. And he not only became aware of this Woman, he became also conscious of himself. There he stood, detached, alone, naked.

He objectivated this transcendental experience by tracing a rough figure of the human body on the earth. His neighbors, fascinated, quivered as they watched him, feeling that their world had been entirely shaken and transformed. One of them sketched the anatomical contrast between man and woman; another delineated clumsily one of the existing animals, and a third a tree, the clouds, the disc of the sun.
That night they slept fitfully, not so much due to the discordant noises generated by predatory beasts --but because they realized that their internal world had made eruption. The next day other extraordinary things continued to happen: these neighbors observed each other, and a yet unknown expression appeared on their faces: intent curiosity.
Suddenly, a ferocious animal leaped, and the group took to flight; the woman tripped, fell down, broke a leg and whined pitifully, overcome by pain and fright. Her man stopped in his tracks, with a new realization: not only he --but somebody else, she, his woman-- was in danger. She was in an even greater danger than himself and she required his help. Guided by her cries he found her, took her in his strong hands and ran into a cave.

Thus, the feeling of responsibility was born, and civilization started in earnest. Man and Woman had moved west of Paradise.

The family, the group, and Society began to take shape; also the belief in supernatural entities --terrible and destructive, or tender and protective. The instinct of self-preservation made place to evolutioned manifestations which represented obligations of man toward his neighbor, the group, society and the gods. Responsibility and its corollary --guilt-- developed. Morals were defined as the fulfillment of precepts emanated from divine sources, essential for the preservation of society. Ethics embodied regulations proper to groups, while etiquette represented the rules of aesthetic behavior in a cult society. Whoever did not conform to the rules of a given group organized for private purposes --such as guilds, religions, family, political parties-- was punished according to written or unwritten protocols; those who did not conform to acceptable behavior in society were rejected by it.

The moral precepts were more difficult to establish and impose. Those related to commandments originated --putatively-- from supernatural authority, were considered immutable, of universal value, representing normative truth; their transgression was qualified as immoral acts, resulting in the repulse by society.

A body of laws had to be developed that permitted different ways of applying coercion to preserve morals. This function was delegated to the clerical establishment, in what respected to the Divinity, while secular authority was invested with the power of establishing laws and sanctions in the public areas of property and services, and in the private sector of personal integrity and individual property.
The infringement of these enactments was judged as minor infraction, misdemeanor. or felony, and could be condemned as immoral if it affected the precepts emanating from revelation.

A complex Society, ruled by a body of statutes, gave place to a bureaucratic State and to an enforcing Government charged with seeing to it that the laws were obeyed.
The possibility of doctoring the laws in order to favor different sectors or strata of the society induced the struggle for power, i.e., to POLITICS. Political parties employed rhetorical or violent means for the achievement of their objectives.
Different dialectics were exploited to uphold the political platforms --but no scientific method could be discerned to demonstrate which one was the best for society, for axiological pronouncements are essentially problematic.

Every citizen interested in the socioeconomic evolvement of the milieu in which he lives, makes a synthesis of his personal interests, concepts about law, morals, ethics and etiquette, desirable freedom of individual liberty, and type of culture that he finds appealing; he then chooses the political movement which he considers as the most representative of his way of feeling and thinking.

No political platform is demonstrably better than others. The pacific or violent clash of political ideas determines a preponderance, stable only in appearance. For all movements are essentially unstable, evolutive, always looking for the truth --without ever finding her...