In a previous essay, it was suggested that badness is a creative force of Nature, and that goodness is a product of man's thinking. ("Goodness, Badness and Evil.") Later on, based on recent observations of chimpanzee's behavior, the following theory was proposed. Early in evolution, 'Badness' evolved, since it resulted favorable for the advancement of individual organisms; 'Goodness,' later on, served the formation and furthering of groups, the starting point of societies.

It would appear that evolution, by means of genetic mutations, conferred advantage to early organisms that happened to develop the capability of interacting with their equals. That bacteria exchange genetic material, is an indication of an early manifestation of sociability. Ants and bees manifest this banefic, continuously evolving genetic print, at a much higher level of development.

The point I intend to make now is that these two natural phenomena, the egotistic impulse for personal advancement, and the altruistic one for group benefit, shaped the history of humanity. Although minor nations disapeared as a result of conquer and dispersion resulting in assimilation, empires were dismembered as a consequence of changes in the egotistic vs. altruistic' balance, favoring the former. Witness the decadence of the Roman Empire that preceded its fall. Its citizens shunned army service, which fell in the hands of mercenaries. The previously mighty, reliable army --the underpinning of state security and continuity-- degenerated, as the societal cohesion relaxed into personal and parochial interests. The stage was set for the destruction of the State and of the Nation by invaders.

A unique situation, where the State perished yet the Nation survived, has puzzled and confounded the western world. While the ancient northern Kingdom of Israel was dismantled, both as a State and as a Nation, the southern Kingdom of Judea was destroyed as a State, yet the Judaeus --the Jews-- persisted as a Nation, for they kept the Torah and Jerusalem in their minds and hearts, wherever they dispersed. Their state was small and would have fallen anywise in the hands of a powerful conqueror; however, it could have been preserved, if not for the imbalance created by the egotistic parochial and personal interests wheighing down the altruistic national interests.

Of special relevance is what appears to have been a determinant in the destruction of the Jewish State and yet also, later on, in the preservation of the Jewish Nation. This determinant was made up by the overzelous self-appointed keepers of the Torah's commandments (the Mosaic Law). Societal integrity was rived by the interests of minority religious denominations, resulting in internecine warring and overall disintegration. Yet the descendants of the zealots were precisely those who kept alive the religious flame that welded the dispersed Jewish Nation.

Still, the creation anew of the Jewish State was the final step of a long-evolving historical process that culminated in the wake of the Dreyfus Affair. An assimilated Jewish news reporter gave the push to secular idealists, who went forth and created the State of Israel. Once the state was firmly established, descendants of the original zealots formed diverse religious establishments, which are political off-shoots of the body basic for the preservation of the national character. They are now finding themselves accused of exploiting their political clout to impose religious interpretations and also for parochial gain, thus sowing again the seeds for a new destruction of the State!

Perhaps a NEW PHILOSOPHY could help bring home fundamental realities. To wit, firstly, that evolution created a brain capable of both thinking and meta-thinking, and, as a corollary, a human society that developed when --and as far as-- 'goodness' allowed it. Secondly, that Nature doesn't judge the acts of men; no, Nature unthinkingly punishes men's mistakes, whether wilfully commited as acts of 'folly,' or innocently, as a result of insuficient or inadequate information. That is, "Things don't 'go wrong,' they just happen." Bad things can threfore happen to good people, too.

The New Philosophy (DYNAMIC-SCIENTIFIC PHILOSOPHY) limits itself to the study of realities which are not within the province of Science, i.e., non-theological subjects that are not submisive to measurement or experiment. It doesn't judge nor does it offer counsel or consolation.