Footnotes

Footnotes for Islamic Studies Book:1
Tawheed
(The Oneness of Allah)

1- J.M. Cowan, The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, (Spoken Language Services Inc., New York, 3rd. ed., 1976), p.1055.

2- The word Tawheed does not actually occur in either the Qur'aan or in the statements
(Hadeeths) of the Prophet (pbuh). However, when the Prophet (pbuh) sent Mu'aadh ibn Jabal as governor of Yemen in 9AH, he told him, "You will be going to Christians and Jews (ahl al-Kitaab), so the first thing you should invite them to is the assertion of the oneness of Allaah (Yuwahhidoo Allaah)." (Narrated by Ibn 'Abbaas and collected by al-Bukhaaree (Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Sahih Al-Bukhari, (Arabic-English), (Riyadh: Maktabah ar-Riyaad al-Hadeethah, 1981), vol.9, pp. 348-9, no.469) and Muslim (Abdul HamidSiddiq, Sahih Muslim (English Trans.), (Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publis hers, 1987), vol.1, pp.14-5, no.27). In this Hadeeth the present tense of the verb from which the verbal noun Tawheed is derived was used by the Prophet (pbuh).

3- Ibn Abil-'Ezz al-Hanafee, Sharh al-'Aqeedah at-Tahaaweeyah, p.78.

4- Ibn Hajar, Tahdheeb at-Tahdheeb, (Hydrabad, 1325-7)vol. 10, p.225.

5- 'Abdul-Qaahir ibn Taahir aI-Baghdaadee, Al-Farq bain al-Firaq, (Beirut: Daar
al-Ma'rifah), pp.19-20.

6- Muhammad ibn 'Abdul-Kareem ash-Shahrastaanee, Al-Milal wan-Nihal, (Beirut: Daar
al-Ma'rifah, 2nd ed., 1975), vol.1, p.30.

7- Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ar-Radd 'alaa al-Jahmeeyah, (Riyadh: Daar al-Liwaa, 1st ed.,
1977), pp.41-43.

8- Muhammad ibn 'Abdul-Kareem ash-Sharastaanee, Al-Milal wan-Nihal, vol.1, p.46.

9- Soorah az-Zumar 39:62.

10- Soorah as-Saafaat 37:96.

11- Soorah al-Anfaal 8:17. This was in reference to a miraculous incident which took
place when the Prophet (pbuh) gathered some dust in his hand and threw it at the enemy (at the beginning of the Battle of Badr). Allaah caused the dust to reach the faces of the enemy in spite of their great distance.

12- Soorah at-Taghaabun 64:11.

13- Reported by Ibn 'Abbaas and collected by at-Tirmidhee. See Ezzeddin Ibrahim and
Denys Johnson - Davies, An-Nawawi's Forty Hadith, (English Trans.), (Damascus, Syria: The Holy Koran Publishing House, 1976), p.68, no.19.

14- Soorah at-Taghanbun 64:14.

15- Soorah al-Baqarah 2:155.

16- Soorah al-Baqarah, 2:216.

17- A charm worn to bring good fortune or avert evil.

18- Collected by Ahmad.

19- Reported by 'Aaeshah and collected by al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari, (Arabic -
English) vol.3, p.535, no.861), Muslim (Sahih Muslim, (English Trans.) vol.3, i,. 931,
no.4266 and no.4267) and Abu Daawood (Ahmad Hasan, Sunan Abu Dawud (English
Trans.), (Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers, 1st. ed., 1984), vol.3, p. 1294).

20- Reported by 'Aa'eshah and collected by al-Bukhaaree (Sahih Al-Bukhari,
(Arabic-English), vol.6, p.495, no.535) and Muslim (Sahih Muslim, (English Trans.), vol.3,
p.1195, no.5439 and 5440).

21- Soorah al-Fat-h 48:6.

22- Soorah ash-Shooraa 42:11.

23- Genesis 2:2, "And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done." (Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version (Nelson, 1951), p.2).

24- In contrast Allaah says explicitly in the Qur'aan, "No tiredness overcomes Him nor
sleep..." (Soorah al-Baqarah 2:255).

25- Exodus 32:14, "And the Lord repented of the evil which he thought to do to his
people." (Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version),

26- Allaah clearly states that in the following verse: "They ask you (Muhammad) about
the spirit. Tell (them) that the spirit (exists) by my Lord's command" (Soorah al-Israa
17:85).

27- Soorah ash-Shooraa 42-11.

28- Hebrews 7:1-3, (Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version).

29- Hebrews, 5:5-6, (Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version).

30- Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar states in his book Faith of Shi'a Islam, (U.S.A.:
Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 2nd ed. 1983): "We believe
that, like the prophet, an Imam must be Infallible, that is to say incapable of making
errors or doing wrong, either Inwardly or outwardly, from his birth to his death, either
intentionally or unintentionally, because the Imams are the preservers of Islam and it is under their protection." (p.32). See also Islam, (Teheran: A Group of Muslim Brothers, 1973), p.35, by Sayed Saeed Akhtar Rizvi.

31- AI-Muzaffar further states: "We maintain that the powers of the Imams to receive
inspiration has reached the highest degree of excellence, and we say that it is a Divinely- given power. By this means the Imam is able to understand information about anything, anywhere, and at any time, and he understands by means of this Divinely - given power at once, without recourse to methodological reasoning or guidance from a teacher."

32- Al-Khomeini states: "Certainly the Imam has a dignified station, a lofty rank, a
creational caliphate, and sovereignty and mastery over all atoms of creation."
(Aayatullah Musavi al-Khomeini, al-Hukoomah al-Islaameeyah, (Beirut: at-Talee'ah Press; Arabic ed., 1979), p.52).

33- Soorah at-Tawbah 9:128.

34- (Sunan Abu Dawud, (English Trans.), vol.3, pp. 1385-86, no.4957).

35- Soorah Yoonus 10:31.

36- Soorah az-Zukhruf, 43:87.

37- Soorah al-'Ankaboot, 29:63.

38- Soorah Yoosuf, 12:106.

39- Mujaahid ibn Jubayr al-Makkee (642-722) was Ibn 'Abbaas' most outstanding
student. The narrations of his Tafseer (commentary) of the Qur'aan has been compiled
by 'Abdur-Rahmaan at-Taahir and published in two volumes under the title, Tafseer
Mujaahid, (Islamabad: Majma' al-Buhooth).

40- Collected by Ibn Jareer at-Tabaree.

41- Soorah Aal'Imraan, 3:67.

42- Quoted in Sulaymaan ibn 'Abdul-Wahhaab's Tayseer al-'Azeez al-Hameed, (Beirut:
al-Maktab al-Islaamee, 2nd., 1970), p.34.

43- Soorah adh-Dhaariyiat, 51:56.

44- Soorah an-Nahl, 16:36.

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