Part 2. A Comprehensive list of "names" of the Father and the Son:
All of the following names appear on pro-names web sites or in pro-names literature.
Names used by various groups and individuals to refer to the Father: [Note: All caps and variations in the use of caps represent different spellings and/or different pronunciations by different groups.]EAUA
ElohimG-d
Geova
God
h w h yIahueh
IaHUeH
IAUE
Ihowa
"I AM"
IHVHJah,
Jahavah
Jahaveh, JAHAVEH
Jahaweh
Jahova
Jahovah
Jahowa
JahowahJahu
Jahuwah
Jahuweh
Jahvah, JAHVAH
Jahve, JAHVE
Jahveh, JAHVEHJehofah
Jehova
Jehovah
JeovaJHVH
JHWHthe LORD
UlY@hovah
Yah, YAH
Yah Veh
Yahavah
Yahaveh
YahawehYaheveh
YahHuVeh
YAHO
Yahova
YahovahYahowah
Yahowah-nissi
Yahowah-ra-ah
Yahowah-rapha
Yahowah-sabaoth
Yahowah-shalom
Yahowah-tsidkenu
Yahowah-yireth
Yahowe
YahowehYahu
YAHUAH
Yahueh
Yahuvah
Yahuveh
Yahuwah, YAHUWAH
Yahu'weh
YahuwehYahvah
YaHVaH
Yahve, YAHVE
Yahveh, YAHVEHYahwah, YAHWAH
Yah-way,
Yahwe, YAHWE
Yahweh, YAHWEH
YaHWeH
YahweyYAOHU
YAOHU UL
Yaveh
Yaweh
Yehovih
YehowahYHVH
Y.H.V.H
YHWH
Y.H.W.H
YHWH ELOHIMYod-Heh-Waw-Heh
YOH-WAH
-------------------------------
total: 97Names used by various groups and individuals to refer to the Son:
[Note: All caps and variations in the use of caps represent different spellings and/or different pronunciations by different groups.]Christ
Elohyim
Iahoshua
Iahoshuah
Iahushua
IahushuahJahoshua
Jahoshuah
Jahshua
Jahshuah
Jashua
JashuahJehoshua
Jehoshuah
Jeshu
Jeshua
Jesusthe LORD
Molkhiul YAHOUSHUA
The Most High Messiah
u c w h y
Yah ShuaYahaweway Yahshua
YâHH-HôVSHêä`
Yahoshea
Yahoshua
YAHOSHUA
Yahoshuah
Yaho-Hoshu-wah
Yahshua
YAHSHUA
Yahshuah
YAHSHUAH
Yah?shwaYahu Yahweh
YAHUAHSHUA
YAHUAHTSADAQYahushua
Y[aHU]shua
YaHUshua
YAHUSHUA
Yahushua Ben Yosef
Yahushua haMashiach
Yahushua haMashiyakh
Yahushuah
Yahu'wey Yahushu'aYaHVah YaHVaHoshea
Yahvahosha
YaHVaHoSha Messiah
Yahvahshua
Yahvehshua
YahvehshuahYahwah Yashwah (YHWH YHWSH)
Yahweh Ben Yahweh
Yahwehshua
Yahwehshuah
Yahwey YahoshuaYaohushua
YAOHUSHUA
YaohushuahYasha
Yashua
YASHUA
Yashua HaMashiach
Yashuah
YASHUAH
Yashwa
YAVEH CHRIST
YaveshuaYehashuah
Yehshua
Yehoshua
Yehoshuah
YEHSHUA
Yehshuah
YEHSHUAHYeshouah
Yeshu
Yeshua
YESHUA
Yeshua Ha Meshiah
Yeshuah
YESHUAH
Yeshuwa
Y'hushua
YHUH
Yhvhshua
YHVHShua
Yhvhshuah
YHVHShuah
Yhwh Yeshua
Yhwhshua
YHWHShua
YHWHSHUA
Yhwhshuah
YHWHShuah
YHWSH
Yod-Heh-Waw-Shin-Ayin
Y'shua
Y'shuah
-----------------------------------------
Total--100
3. What reference sources say about the spelling and pronunciation:
A. American Heritage Dictionary: "Yahweh_A name for God assumed by modern scholars to be a rendering of the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton."
The Oxford Cyclopedic Concordance: "Jehovah_ the name revealed to Moses at Horeb. Its real pronunciation is approximately Yahweh."
The International Bible Encyclopedia of King James Version: "Jehovah - It is believed that the correct pronunciation of this word is 'Yahweh.'"
Davis Dictionary of the Bible: "Jehovah - The Tetragrammaton is generally believed to have been pronounced Jahweh, Yahweh..."
(Source: http://www.yaim.org/missing_j.htm)"The Jehovah's Witness' 1984 booklet, "The Divine Name That Will Endure Forever", writes on page 7 that, "The truth is, nobody knows for sure how the name of God was originally pronounced.""
(Source: http://www.logon.org/english/s/p240.html).
B. From a names site (emphasis ours):
"(26) The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, vol. 14, page 1065, after discussing the usual meanings given to God's name, states: "All these explanations, however, overlook the fact that in Ex 3:14 a merely folk etymology of the name, based on the qal form of the verb `to be,' is given. Grammatically, because of its vocalization, yahweh can only be a hi`phil or causative form of this verb, with the meaning `He causes to be, He brings into being.' Probably, therefore, yahweh is an abbreviated form of the longer, yahweh aser yihweh, `He brings into being whatever exists.' The name, therefore, describes the God of Israel as the Creator of the universe."
(Source: http://www.reslight.addr.com/divine.html).
This would mean that "yhwh" is also a appellative, a descriptive term, as well as a title, and not just a "personal" name. This contradicts the names argument that "yhwh" is only a personal name.4. A "Babylon" of Vowel Symbols and Sounds:
One reason for the approximately 200 name variations above is the assumption that the exact pronunciation of the names of the Father and the Son can be (and must be) reproduced by English speaking people. To accomplish this requires that the exact pronunciation must have been preserved at least since Moses, and according to some, from the time of Abraham, or perhaps even from the time of Adam. Even a cursory study of the history of languages and writing reveals how remote that possibility is.
Some might appeal to the scripture that says "with God, all things are possible" (Mat. 19:26), and we know that is true. We know, for instance, that God can and did create more than one human language, specifically at the Tower of Babel (Gen. 11:1-9). One aspect of our "God-given" languages is the difference in speech sounds. Different languages use different sounds even though they may use identical symbols. To fully comprehend this, we need to consider sounds which are universally consistent, regardless of the national or local language. To find such sounds we must use something other than human language.Animals make the same sounds regardless of the nation in which they are born or raised. Cows do not need translators. Cows do not have French, Russian or Chinese accents. A Dutch bull and a French cow would have no trouble communicating, to the extent bovines do communicate. Anyone who is familiar with livestock will confirm that animals do communicate with sounds. But when the Dutch farmer tries to communicate with the French farmer there is a difficulty, even in expressing the sounds of livestock. Although the vocalization may sound similar, the written form is not. When the Dutch farmer writes the word "boeh", the French farmer needs to understand the word "meuh", or as we would write in English, "moo". Some languages can be even more difficult. In Afrikaans the cow says "moe-moe"; in Bengali "hamba"; in Finnish "ammuu"; in Hindi "mo-mo"; in Hungarian "bu"; in Thai "maw maw" (with mid tone).
See how many of the following sounds you can correctly recognize from the Hebrew. To make it a little easier we'll include some limited choices. [Answers given below.]Hebrew: English:
1) haw haw (hav hav) A) buzzz
2) ga ga ga B) meow
3) meeee meeee C) bow wow, arf, woof, ruff ruff
4) kukuriku D) quack quack
5) zum zum zum E) ribbit, croak
6) tsif tsif (tzvitz tzvitz) F) baaah
7) miyau G) cock-a-doodle-doo
8) iya H) hee-haw
9) kwa kwa (qva qva) I) tweet-tweet
10) gru gru J) coo
"Why do cows go "muuu" in Spanish, but "moo" in English? Why do French cows say "meuh"? Part of the answer is that each language has a different system of sounds. The human mouth can make many sounds, but each language uses only some of them. French does have a sound like "oo", but it's a short sound. It would be spelled "mou" in French. To a French speaker, "meuh" sounds more like the sound of a cow.
Languages have different sounds, and they also have different ways of spelling their sounds. . . .
Learning to write means learning how sounds are related to symbols in your language. If you think about it, this is a strange thing to do. You take something that uses your mouth and ears, and you turn it into something that uses your hands and your eyes. . . .
English seems especially hard. We have many ways of spelling the same sound, and many ways of pronouncing the same letters. It's partly because our alphabet was designed for a different language: Latin. Latin didn't have all the sounds we have in English. When the monks in the Middle Ages were deciding how to write English using the Latin alphabet, they had to find some clever ways to use Latin letters for English sounds. Sometimes they used two letters for one sound, like "th". Sometimes they used letters from the original English alphabet, called runes.
Another part of the story is that English sounds have changed a lot since the Middle Ages, but English spelling hasn't always changed with the times. For example, "mouse" used to be pronounced the same way as "moose". And "mice" used to be pronounced "meese" in Middle English. But our vowels have been moving around since then. In fact, they are still moving! If your parents are over 25 and you are under 25, you probably have different vowels. If everyone spelled the way they speak, reading English would be much harder.
Animals make much the same sounds around the world, but each language expresses them differently. English and French cows sound the same, but not in English and French!"
(Source:"Spelling the sounds of the world's animals", by Catherine N. Ball, http://www.georgetown.edu/cball/animals/animals-spelling.html ).The "names movement" began about 70 years ago. Some "names" supporters insist that the "names" were not spoken, beginning sometime after Ezra (c. 536-456 BC). This means that the "names" were not spoken for approximately 2,300 years. Aramaic replaced "Classical/Biblical Hebrew" as the common language while the OT was still being written. Israel/Judah "lost" the books of the law (the OT Bible) twice. In Ezra's time, interpreters had to translate the "books" into the daily language of the Jews who returned from Babylon. Vowel sounds can change in as little as 25 years. Vowel sounds and their symbols vary from language. Even in the time of the Judges of Israel, there was a difference in the speech of the tribes of Manassah and Ephraim (Judges 12:5-6).
Yet some still insist that the spelling and pronunciation have not been "lost".
[Answers to the quiz above: 1-C, dog; 2-D, duck; 3-F, goat or sheep; 4-G, rooster; 5-A, bee; 6-I, bird; 7-B, cat; 8-H, donkey; 9-E, frog; 10-J, dove.]
5. Various "sacred names" Bibles:
There are eight versions of "names" Bibles available now and it appears that more are being planned. Why so many different versions?
"Because of these factors ["poor scholarship, unquestioning acceptance by readers, the desire to attract one's own following, and the desire to sell Bibles"], three Sacred Name Bibles have Yahweh and Yahshua. A fourth has Yahvah and both Yahshua and Yahvahshua. A fifth, Yah Veh and Yah Shua. A sixth, probably frustrated with all this division and perhaps wanting to be sold to as many Sacred Name groups as possible, leaves the names in Hebrew, h w h y and u c w h y."
"The first Sacred Name Bible revision, The Holy Name Bible, took A. B. Traina twenty years to complete. Then, at least five Sacred Name bibles were published in the eighteen years from 1976 through 1994. The Book of Yahweh, The Restoration of Original Sacred Name Bible, The Scriptures, The Sacred Scriptures, and Exegeses are all new players on the field. The Restored Name King James Version of the Scriptures, a Sacred Name electronic bible, is a recent World Wide Web publication. One other SN Bible is in the planning and early stages of development. Possibly, it is completed."
(Source: http://www2.crosswinds.net/nashville/~thename/snbibles.htm)1) "The Scriptures"
Published by a group in South Africa, it substitutes Hebrew for the English names of God and Christ. In addition it substitutes Hebrew for the names of books, for the names of Israelite and Jewish individuals and for cities and places in Palestine. It contains an appendix listing over 1,100 (mostly) English words, which the authors say have connections with pagan gods, and therefore should not be used. They do not make substitutions for all these words in their version, and a glance at the list shows how difficult that would be. Even the word "the" which appears in the title of their version, is on their list of forbidden words.
They say that there are probably thousands of more words which should be eliminated from our speech. It would appear that everyone would have to use only the Hebrew language, a concept which some names supporters actually do believe. However that language would also be eliminated using the strict interpretation of the avoidance of "pagan" names.
Perhaps this preoccupation with "pagan" origins of common words has a Jewish origin, as one names website relates that, according to the Jews, all languages other than Hebrew are "pagan".2) Holy Name Bible or HNB
This version was not available for our review. However the following is given on their website:
"The Institute of Divine Metaphysical Research, Inc. is a non-profit religious and scientific research organization established in 1931.
CORRECT NAME AND TITLE OF THE HEAVENLY FATHERYahweh Father, Elohim Word or Son, Yahshua Holy Spirit (or Ghost)
The Holy Name Bible, revised by the late A. B. Traina, The Scripture Research Association, Inc. 14410 S. Springfield Road Brandywine, Maryland 20613"
(Source: http://www.idmr.org/htdocs/truename.htm)
The following comment about Traina's work is from another pro-names group:
" The early Sacred-Name pioneers were so adamant in their sentiments against this word, (adonay, lord) that when Elder A. B. Traina's revision of the King James Bible was published, it literally removed adonay wherever it appeared in the Old Testament manuscript, substituting it with "King," "Savior," and in some instances with the expression "Yah-Yahweh." In doing so, they bestowed upon themselves an authority _ that no man has ever been given _ and proceeded to CHANGE Scripture and to REMOVE from the Bible those words that in "their personal, subjective judgment" should not be there."
3) The Peshitta or "Lamsa" Translation
While this is not really a "names" Bible, many individuals in the pro-names groups believe that the authorized Bible of the Church of the East (the Peshitta) is the original canonized New Testament. Many quote from a translation of the Peshitta by George M. Lamsa and believe that Lamsa's translation was taken from an original Aramaic text and should be used in place of the King James Version. (Note: Many pro-names supporters hold to the belief that Aramaic and Hebrew are the same language or at least cognates. They are in fact, two different languages.)
What do the leaders of the Church of the East say about the Peshitta?
"The Church of the East received the scriptures from the hands of the blessed Apostles themselves in the Aramaic originals, the language spoken by our Lord Jesus Christ Himself, and that the Peshitta is the text of the Church of the East which has come down from the Biblical times without any change or revision" (Catholicos Patriarch of the East, Preface, Lamsa Bible, by Mar Eshai Shimun).Christ reprimanded the disciples saying:
"These twelve Jesus sent out, and charged them, and said, Keep away from pagan practices and do not enter a Samaritan city; But above all go to the sheep which are lost from the House of Israel" (Matt.10:5-6, Lamsa).
"And he answered, saying to them, I [Christ] am not sent, except to the sheep which went astray from the house of Israel" (Matt.5:24, Lamsa).
"James a servant of God and of our Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are scattered among the Gentiles; Greeting." (Jms.1:1 Lamsa).Lamsa translates the name of the Savior as 'Jesus Christ' and not 'Yahweh' or 'Yahshuah.' Moreover, the above scriptures in the Lamsa translation say that the original apostles were to go only to the descendants of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. If the apostles did deliver the canon to those of the Church of the East, they disregarded the clear instructions of Christ, because these people are not Israelites.
Additionally, the Peshitta is written in Aramaic, not Hebrew. And this is documented by Lamsa and other scholars. If Aramaic, which is not Hebrew, was the language in which the original New Testament was written, why would the Aramaic version use many Greek and Chaldean words in its text?
(Source: http://www.bibleresearch.org/law/sacredname.html)In addition, the Lamsa translation also verifies Christ's words in two scriptures significant to the names discussion.
"When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the son of man am? And they said, Some say that you are John the Baptist: some, Elias; and others, Jeremias, or one of the prophets. He said to them, But whom say you that I am? And Simon Peter answered and said, You are the Christ (the Anointed One), the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said to him, Blessed are you, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood have not revealed it to you, but my Father which is in heaven" (Matt.16:13-17 KJV). The Lamsa Translation agrees with the King James translation here.
(Source: http://www.bibleresearch.org/law/sacredname.html)This means that the Bible accepted by many pro-names groups confirms that when Peter called Jesus, the "Christ" (the Anointed One), Christ did not contradict Peter. He did not say, my name is "yeshua", but rather credited the Father with revealing this name (the Anointed One), to Peter.
The Lamsa Bible, which is supposedly from an original Aramaic text, quotes Mark
15:34: "Eli, Eli, lemana shabakthani." If one must use only the proper phonetic sound of the proper name when addressing the Supreme Sovereign of all that exists, our Savior used the wrong name during the most critical moment of his life. These words, 'Eli, Eli, shabakthani,' are not Hebrew, but are of Chaldean [Aramaic] derivation.
(Source: http://www.bibleresearch.org/law/sacredname.html)4) The Book of Yahweh, Yisrayl Hawkins
Not much was found in our search for this version.
"This is a very radical and dishonest "translation"(?) of the Holy Scriptures. We include it here for any who might want to add it to their library for reference. See Watchman's Expositor article pertaining to Yisrayl Hawkins."
(Sources: http://www.reslight.addr.com/l-name.html)The author at this web site believes that it is more important to know God, the Being than to know a name. Other material on this web site contradicts many of the various names arguments including the one that says the NT was originally in Hebrew.
(Also found at: http://rampages.onramp.net/~watchman/yahpro.htm)5)The Restoration of Original Sacred Name Bible 1976
The only discussion we found of this version was from an article written to show that the word, "hell" was added to scripture.
1. And these shall go away into age-abiding *correction, but the righteous into **age-abiding life.
2. And the Adversary that had been deceiving them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone,
where were both the wild-beast and the false-prophet; and they shall be tormented day and night
unto the ages of ages.* punishment
** everlastingThis Bible was authored by Rotherham. He did not have these footnotes in his original. The Missionary Dispensary Bible Research organization reprinted his Bible making many changes, one of which is to put "punishment" and "everlasting" in the footnotes. This Bible does not contain the word "hell." This is another example of ministers taking dead men's work and altering it to their advantage.
6)The Sacred Scriptures (a recent version)
This version was not found in our search of the Internet.
"The Sacred Scriptures" (Replaces the titles with the true name of God)
The Assemblies of Yahweh
By: Jacob O. Meyer
This is a translation of both old and new testament. Derived from the "American Standard" version
(c. 1901). "Not from original texts" (that I know of). "In my opinion, it is well put together, but I must tell you that this is not for your average christian. It leans toward messianic theology.
Write to: Assemblies of Yahweh, Bethel, PA 19507"
7) Exegeses (a recent version)
"The Aramaic New Covenant" (New Testament)
Exegeses Bibles
By: Herb Jahn
"Not" for the average Messianic. This is not for your average christian. Although it is a direct translation from the same text that the authorized version (the 1611 King James version) is derived from.
Write to: Exegeses Bibles, Orange, CA 92668
Or call: 1-800-9 BIBLE 9 and ask them about what bibles they have to offer.
8) The Restored Name King James Version of the Scriptures ( a "Sacred Name" electronic bible)
"The Restored Name King James Version of the Scriptures, a Sacred Name electronic bible, is a recent World Wide Web publication".
An online copy of the RNKJV was found at the following address. In this version, the punctuation of Ex. 6:3 has been changed, to reverse the meaning of the scripture. No basis, scholarly or otherwise, is given for this change. Apparently it is a matter of the end justifies the means.
http://eliyah.com/cgi-bin/htgrep.cgi?file=%2Fhtdocs%2Feliyah%2FScripture%2Fbooks%2Fsearch.htm=Ex.+6%3A3
RNKJV Search resultsResult of search for "Ex. 6:3":
"Exodus 6:3 And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of El-Shaddai, but by my name was I not known to them?"
9) ROTHERHAM
The New Testament of Our Master and Saviour Yahvahshua the Messiah (commonly
called Jesus Christ). Restoration of the Original Name New Testament ... Basis
of the Rotherham Version, Revised by Missionary Dispensary Bible Research.
Junction City, OR, Missionary Dispensary Bible Research, 1968.
323p. 22cm. Spine title: Restoration of Original Name New Testament.10) The Hebrew Names Version of the World English Bible (HNV)
"The Hebrew Names Version of the World English Bible is a Modern English update of the American Standard Version of 1901. The translation and review is currently in progress."
". . .the World English Bible (WEB), [was] previously known as the ASV of 1997 (ASV97):"
Part 6: The "Sacred Names" Movement
How large is the "movement"? Whom does it include?
One author who has researched the "sacred names movement" for over five years estimates that total membership in "names" groups is between 5,000 and 6,000. However, some groups use their mailing lists to count membership. The three largest groups are in Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas with about 250 each. Two in Alabama and one in Tennessee have fewer than 200 each. Three groups in Arkansas have fewer than 200 total. Two groups in Missouri have a total of fewer than 125 and an older group in Michigan has under 100.
"Sacred name" Messianic assemblies number less than 500 nationwide. Militia groups which are part of the movement are estimated at fewer than 1,000. The New Age "sacred names" groups "probably" number fewer than 750. The author qualifies these numbers as his "best educated guesses".
(Source: http://www2.crosswinds.net/nashville/~thename/snfaq.htm)
These numbers do not reflect members of Jehovah's Witnesses groups or Mormons, or other groups who may use "yhwh" or other "names" but who are not considered part of the "sacred names movement".Names Index / Next
