Dear Ceridwen,

      I'm not sure what Mr. X's qualifications are, but as I am a professional archaeologist, I feel that I should reply to you.

      Your point about the difficulty of getting up-to-date information is a very valid one. We often forget that people approaching archaeology for the first time
      often don't know where to look, and may end up reading an obsolete source.

      Your colleague, Seamus, has been led badly astray in one respect. Ollamh Fodhla, supposedly king in 1335 BC, is a creation of some mediaeval monk. A
      recent book on early Irish history begins with the line: 'The first reliable date in Irish history is AD431'. This refers to St. Patrick, of course. The monks who
      wrote the annals of Ireland in later centuries extended them back to the Creation. Most of this was fictional, and although few names and events may have
      some basis in fact we cannot be sure. Before the 5th Century AD (and indeed for the first few centuries after it) we are dependent on archaeology. The
      Loughcrew tombs were excavated long before radiocarbon dating was invented, but the dates are likely to be closer to 3335 than 1335 BC.
 

      The other contentious statement, that the tombs were not intended as burial chambers, may be based on a misunderstanding. It is realised nowadays that in
      view of the ritual and calendrical functions of these monuments their builders _may_ not have seen them _primarily_ as tombs, but burial was obviously an
      important part of their function.

      I would recommend the following books for up-to-date information on ancient Ireland:

      For the prehistoric period in general (including the megalithic tombs):
      _The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland_, by John Waddell (1998)

      For the Iron Age, and the question of the origin of the Irish Celts:
      _Pagan Celtic Ireland_, by Barry Raftery (1994).

      For the early mediaeval period (formerly called Early Christian):
      _Early Medieval Ireland 400-1200_, by Daibhi O Cronain (1995). This is
      history rather than archaeology: for buildings and artifacts I would
      recommend _The Archaeology of Early Mediaeval Ireland_ by Nancy Edwards
      (1990).

      Thaddeus C. Breen


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