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Parts of Speech in Bahasa Melayu
According to Tatabahasa Dewan, the official reference for Malay Grammar, all words in Bahasa Melayu or the Malay Language can be divided into four main groups. They are Kata Nama (Nouns), Kata Adjektif (Adjective), Kata Kerja (Verbs) and Kata Tugas (Function Words)
As for Kata Ganti Nama (Pronouns), it is grouped under Kata Nama.
Kata Nama (Nouns)
These are words which name things, man, animals and places.
Kata Nama can be further divided into Kata Nama Am (Common Nouns), Kata Nama Khas (Proper Nouns), Kata Nama Terbitan (Derivative Nouns) and Kata Ganti Nama (Pronouns)
Now, let's at a look at them one at a time.
Kata Nama Am
(Common Nouns)
Examples
For names of things we have permaidani (carpet), telefon telephone),etc
Examples of nouns for man include pragawati (female model), siak (mosque care-taker)
Nouns naming animals are badak (rhinoceros), harimau (tiger),etc.
As for nouns of places, they are exemplified by jambatan (bridge), muzium (museum),etc.
Kata Nama Khas
(Proper Nouns)
For names of things we have Proton Saga (Malaysia's national car),
Colgate (a brand name for toothpaste) etc.
Examples of nouns for man include Perdana Menteri (Prime Minister)
Ahmad (name of a Malay boy),etc.
Nouns naming animals are Sang Kancil (name of a clever mousedeer
in Malay folk stories), Sang Belang ( tiger - Mr Stripes),etc.
As for nouns of places, they are exemplified by Zoo Negara (Malaysia's National Zoo), Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia),etc.
Kata Nama Terbitan
(Derivative Nouns)
Kata Nama Terbitan are formed from other parts of speech of the Malay Language. They are usually by the addition of suffix 'an', prefix 'pe' or 'ke' and combination of prefix and suffix to words. Sometimes, they are formed by adding 'juru' in front of
words or 'man' or 'wati' behind them.
Examples
1 Addition of prefix 'peN' forms Kata Nama Terbitan such as
penulis (writer), pembaca (reader), pemimpin (leader)
2 Addition of prefix 'ke' forms Kata Nama Terbitan such as
ketua (head/leader), kemudi (rudder), kehendak (requirement)
3 Addition of combination of prefix and suffix:
a) with ke - an : kecantikan (beauty), kebesaran (grandeur)
are formed.
b) with peN-an : pelancaran (launching), penulisan (writing)
are formed.
c) with peR-an : pertikaian (argument), pergaduhan (quarrel)
are formed.
4 Additon of 'juru' forms words such as
jurubahasa (interpreter), jururawat (nurse), jurutera (engineer)
5 Additon of 'wan' forms words male in meaning such as
olahragawan (sportsman), sasterawan (man of letters)
6 Additon of 'wati' forms words female in meaning such as
seniwati (female artiste), olahragawati (sportswoman)
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