Reimarus, Hermann Samuel
(b. Dec. 22, 1694, Hamburg--d. March 1, 1768), German philosopher and man of letters of the Enlightenment who is remembered for his Deism, the doctrine that human reason can arrive at a religion more certain than religions based on revelation.
Gotthold Lessing obtained fragments of the work from Reimarus' children for publication under the title Wolfenbütteler Fragmente in his own Zur Geschichte und Literatur (1774 and 1777). The appearance of the fragments aroused a controversy known as the Fragmentenstreit (German Streit, "quarrel") that provoked both liberal and conservative criticism.
Reimarus also became known for his treatment of the life of Jesus. Jesus, he claimed, was a mere human afflicted by messianic illusions; after his death his body was stolen and hidden by his disciples to maintain his resurrection. Reimarus consistently denied miracles except for creation itself and claimed that the ethical doctrines necessary for the survival of human society were accessible to reason without the aid of revealed principles.
Pope John XII, taught that no one can renounce property rights altogether, as the Franciscans claimed to do, since the use of things consumed in use (such as food and drink) presupposes property in them; he therefore condemned as heresy the Franciscan doctrine that Christ and the apostles had had no property. He also contradicted certain traditional doctrines of property. Theologians commonly held that property came into existence after Adam's sin, by human enactment; according to John, property exists by divine law and not by human enactment, and Adam had property in the garden of Eden.
Hume warned Gibbon that it was coming. After reading the newly-published first volume of
Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, David Hume perceived that its author
would soon be attacked by orthodox critics -- particularly because of its ironic material on the
progress of Christianity.(n2) Hume told Gibbon as much in a letter in which he also praised his
fellow historian for his skill and scholarship:
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