INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY AND CULTURE OF SPAIN   The Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Bourbon Reforms, and the French Revolution     War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) Bourbon Dynasty of France vrs. Hapsburgs of Austria "Balance of Power" Peace of Utrecht (1713) Philip V (French Duke of Anjou) (1700-1726, 1726-1746) Bourbon Reforms Charles (Carlos) III (1759-1788) Benevolent Despots (Enlightened Monarchs) Juan Carlos Gibraltar and Minorca American War of Independence Catalan Civil War (1705-1714) Nueva Planta decrees September 11 La Diada or National Day of Cataluña battle of Almansa Xátiva Louis I Elizabeth Farnese, duchess of Parma Ferdinand VI (1746-1759) Pompei and Herculaneum "El Rey Alcalde" (The Mayor-King) Influences combining to produce Bourbon Reform: 1.  Seventeenth century absolutist reforms of the French monarchy 2.  Enlightenment (Age of Reason) Age of Absolutism Reformation and the Wars of Religion (c. 1500-1650) Resulting growth of Religious Toleration Secularization Scientific Revolution (c. 1500-1725) Philosophes Principle centers of Enlightenment:  France and England Major Benevolent Despots: 1.  Frederick II "the Great" (Prussia) 2.  Catherine the Great (Russia) 3.  Joseph II (Holy Roman Empire, esp. Austria) 4.  Carlos III (Spain) Charles IV (1788-1808) The French Revolution (1789-1799) Maria Luisa of Parma Manuel de Godoy Francisco de Goya Ancien Regime Jacobins Reign of Terror