Philip II (d. 1598)
Treaty of Vervins (1598)
Maurice of Nassau, son of William the Silent
General Ambrosio Spinola
Clara Eugenia (married Archduke Albert)
Philip III (1598-1621)
Philip’s leading advisers:
1.  Duke of Lerma
2.  Balthasar de Zúñiga
Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
Ferdinand II
Philip IV (1621-1665)
Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, Conde-Duque de Olivares
Albert of Wallenstein
Spice Islands (Dutch East Indies)
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (d. 1632)
Treaty of Prague (1635)
Entry of France (1635)
Louis XIII (1610-1643)
Cardinal Richelieu
Alexander Dumas, The Three Musketeers
French Generals:
Viscount de Turenne
Prince of Condé
Battle of Rocroi (1643)
Army of Flanders
Tercios
Revolt of Spanish territories (1640):  Cataluña, Portugal, Naples
House of Braganza
King John IV
Treaties of Westphalia (1648)
Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659)
Baltasar Carlos (d. 1646) (Philip IV’s favorite son)
Charles II (1665-1700)
Carlos "el Hechizado" (The bewitched)
Marianna of Austria
Louis XIV “the Sun King”
Lille
The Spanish Succession:  Hapsburg vrs. Bourbon claims
Philip, duke of Anjou vrs. Archduke Charles of Austria
Golden Age of Spain
Siglo de Oro
Miguel Cervantes y Saavedra
El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha
Pedro Calderon de la Barca (d. 1681)
Titian
El Escorial
Hieronymus Bosch
Prado Museum
Domenikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco)
Crete
Mannerism
Diego de Velázquez
Conde-Duque de Olivares
Surrender of Breda
Ambrosio Spinola
Julian vrs. Gregorian Calendar
Gregory XIII
Sancho Panza
Gran Via
Plaza Cervantes
La Vida es Sueño (Life is But a Dream)