Spanish Unification under Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile (occurred in years between 1469-1512)
Spain of the Catholic Monarchs:  Castile, Crown of Aragon, Granada, Navarre
Only Portugal "escaped" the unification
Roman Hispania:  the entire Iberian Peninsula
Philip II (temporary incorporation of Portugal) (1580-1640)
Roots of Portugal existence lay in events of the Reconquista occurring during the 11th and 12th centuries
Collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba (1031)
Establishment of Kingdom of Castile (1035)
Fernando I (first king of Castile)
Alfonso VI of Leon (the first of Castile)
Sancho
Tarifa
Capture of Toledo (1085)
New Castile vrs. Old Castile
Saragossa and Valencia temporarily subdued
Alfonso's changing fortunes:  Sagrajas (1086)-Ucles (1108)
Ruy Diaz de Bivar (El Cid)
Poema de Mio Cid
Teresa
Count Henry of Burgundy
"The French Connection"
Pyrenees
Gaul
Charlemagne
French-dominated crusading order in Spain:  Knights Templar (Knights of the Temple of Jerusalem)
French Monastic Orders in Spain:  Cluniacs and Cistercians
Santiago de Campostela
Camino Francés
Monks of Cluny
Alfonso VI's two French wives:
1.  Inez of Aquitaine
2.  Constance of Burgundy
French marriages arranged for his daughters
1.  Urraca (the eldest and principal heiress) to Raymond of Burgundy
2.  Teresa (her illegitimate younger sister) to Henry of Burgundy
Minho River
County of Portugal
Oporto ("the port"):  city in the far north of Portugal; supplied the root for the word Portugal
Afffonso Henriques (first king of Portugal)
Archbishop Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada
Abbot Hugh of Cluny
Alfonso the Battler of Aragon (Urraca's second husband)
Alfonso VII of Castile (Urraca's son)
Pope Alexander III
Conquest of Lisbon (1147)
Tagus River
Conquest of the Algarve (southern region of Portugal) ended the Portuguese Reconquista (1267)