Reconquista:  Reconquest of Spain and Expulsion of Islam
Hegel and the Dialectic (Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis)
Rodrigo (last Visigothic King)
Tarik
Cantabrian Mountains in the North
Don Pelayo (first Spanish king)
Battle of Covadonga (718)
Cangas de Onís (first Reconquista capital)
Meseta
Asturias and Galicia
Alfonso II “the Chaste”
Oviedo (new capital later the capital moved to Leon, Burgos, Toledo and finally, Madrid)
Raiding Al-Andaluz to gather population
Mozarabes ("Almost Arabs"; Christians living under Islamic Rule)
Charlemagne (768-814):  Leading medieval figure
Discovery of St. James (Santiago) Tomb
Santiago de Campostela
Navarre (Central Basque kingdom)
Sancho García
Aragon and Cataluña (Catalonia)
Charlemagne's Campaign of 778
Louis the Pious (Charlemagne's son; conquered as far south as Barcelona)
Spanish March
Abd-al-Rahman I
Pamplona (Basque capital)
Roland, Marquis of Brittany
Roncevaux (Roncesvalles)
Chanson de Gestes ("Song of Deeds")
Song (Chanson) of Roland
Old Cataluña (Catalonia)
Count of Barcelona (Principal noble in Catalonia)
Count (from the Latin “comites” or companions)
County
Hugh Capet
Alfonso III (866-910)
Coimbra
Mondego River
Zamora
Ordoño II
County of Castile
Castella (from “castella” or castles)
Fernán Gonzalez, Count (and founding father) of Castile
Burgos (center of Old Castile)
Sancho the Great (970-1035) “King of the Spains”
Fernando I (first king of Castile)
Ramiro (first king of Aragon)
Order of Cluny (Cluniac Order)
Barbastro Crusade (1063)
Clermont (1095)
Urban II
First Crusade (1095-1100)
Taifa Kingdoms
Alfonso VI
Toledo (1085)
Battle of Sagrajas (1086)
Battle of Ucles (1108)
Ruy Diaz de Bivar (el Cid from Arabic sidi meaning “lord”)
Poema de mio Cid
Ramon Berenguer IV\
Petronella
Crown of Aragon
Zaragosa (Aragon) vrs. Barcelona (Castile)
Treaty of Cazorla (1179)
Jaume I “the Conqueror”
Balearics and Valencia
Portugal (1267)
Alfonso VII (Castile)
Archbishopric of Santiago de Campostela
Alfonso VIII
Yacub
Battle of Alarcos (1195)
Innocent III (1199-1216)
Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)
Ferdinand III “el Santo”
Cordoba (1236)
Sevilla (1248)
Kingdom of Granada (last Moslem stronghold in Spain) 
Survived until 1492
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile