Pax Romana (27 BCE to 180)
Military Policy:  From Offence to Defence
Augustus
Teutoburg Forest (9 CE)
Arminius Hermann (nicknamed “Hermann the German”)
Claudius
Trajan
Dacia (Rumania)
Britain and Palestine
Queen Bodicca
Great Jewish Revolt (68-73)
Bar Kochba Revolt
Marcus Aurelius (161-180):  Third Spanish Emperor
Meditations
Stoic Philosophy
“German Problem”
German: Indo-European Language
Indo-European Migration (Volkerwanderung)
Competing Indo-European groups:  Celts, Germans, Slavs
Romanizing the Celts
Two major divisions of the German Migration:
1.  Teutons (west)
2.  Goths (east)
Visigoths:  West Goths
Tiberius
Major early sources: 
1.  Julius Caesar,
2.  Tacitus
3.  Ammianum Marcellinus
Comitatus (from Comites, Latin for Companions)
Plague of the Antonines
Commodus
Anarchy of the Third Century (235-280)
New Roman Strategies for Coping:
Treachery
Psychological warfare
Bribery
Divide and Conquer
Resettlement
Romanizing and Germanizing Effects
Age of the Great Invasions
Huns
Battle of Adrianople (378)
Valens
Theodosius (d. 395)
Alaric
Sack of Rome (401)
Atauf
Competing German Tribes in Spain:  Vandals, Suevi, and Alans
Wallia
Toulouse
Andalucia (Vandalucia; Arabic “Al Andaluz”)
Leovigild
Gaiseric
Vandal
Constantinople
Byzantine Empire
Theodoric
Euric
Municipia
Justinian I
Belasarius and Narses (Justinian’s generals)
Athanagild
Ulfilas
Gothic script
Heretic
Arian Christianity (Arianism)
Arius
Nicene Creed (325)
Franks
France (German:  Frankreich or “realm of the Franks”)
Clovis (481-511) and Charlemagne (768-814)
Feudalism
Conversion to Roman Christianity (496)
Alemanni
Clothilde
Papal-Frankish Alliance
Alaric II
Battle of Vouillé (507)
Narbonne
Toledo
Hermenegild
Reccared
St. Isidore of Seville
“Jewish Problem”
Diaspora
Pogroms
King Sisebut
Ganso
Visigothic Law
Code of Euric
Lex Romana Visigothorum
Liber Judiciorum (Fuero Juzgo)