MEDIEVAL WARFARE

A Changing Military Balance and the Birth of the Western Middle Ages:  Rome vrs. the Germans

Germans
Indo-Europeans (Indo-Aryans)
Indo-European Migration
European Impact
1.  Greeks
2.  Italic Tribes (Romans)
3.  Celts
4.  Germans
5.  Slavs
Domino Effect
Germania
Two wings of German settlement:
1.  Teutons (Western Europe)
2.  Goths (Eastern Europe)
Rhine-Danube Line
Arminius Hermann (first German hero)
Major Sources:
1.  Julius Caesar
2.  Tacitus
3.  Ammianus Marcellinus
Commentaries on the Gallic Wars
Germania
Comites
Comitatus (das Gefolge)
Bots
Wergeld
Trial procedures:
Compurgation (“oath-taking”)
Trial by Ordeal
Trial by Battle
German mercenaries
Marcus Aurelius
Parthians (eastern enemies)
Plague of the Antonines
Commodus
New means of controlling the Germans:
Treachery
Psychological warfare (myth of Roman invincibility)
Bribery
Divide and Conquer
Resettlement Policy
Septimus Severus
Severan Dynasty
Praetorian Guard
Anarchy of the Third Century
Sassanid Dynasty
Shapur I
Antioch
Latifundia (villas)
Colonus (plural:  Coloni)
Balkan Emperors
Diocletian
Constantine
Byzantium
Nova Roma (became Constantinople)
Administrative division of empire
Augustus and Caesar
Theodosius (d. 395)
Cultural Blending
Age of the Great Invasions
Huns
Ostrogoths
Dacia
Visigoths
Fritigern
Arianism
Adrianople (378)
Valens
Alaric
Vandals
Gaiseric
Angles and Saxons
Attila
Chalons
Lombards
Orestes
Romulus Augustulus
Odovaker
Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire)