A:
Unlike other methods of voting, in roll calls, each member's name is announced (usually by the secretary) followed by that member stating his vote (aye, no, or present).
RONR pp. 412-13 recommends that this method be used only when the members represent a constituency and it is desired that their vote be recorded.
You will see roll calls frequently used in representative governmental bodies such as the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.
Sometimes the bylaws will specify what method to use.
For example, they may say that elections of officers are to be held by ballot.
Most votes should be taken by the easiest, quickest, fair method.
This is usually viva voce, which means "living voice," commonly called "voice vote" or "voting by ayes and noes."
Voting by raised hands is similar.
Some motions require a two-thirds vote for adoption (e.g., the motion for the Previous Question
There are other methods, but the above are the most common.
Generally, the bylaws may specify the method; or, as long as it is not in violation of the bylaws, the parliamentary authority (RONR) may state it, the presiding officer may order it, or the assembly may choose it.