Nationalization of the Catholic church
Church lands confiscated: economic & political power of the church is decreased
Civil Constitution of the Clergy makes church part of the new French state
clergy become salaried officials of the new state
Rome condemns constitution & revolution -splits French Catholics: revolutionist & traditional (refractory)
schism sets tone for church-state relations in France, elsewhere well into the 19th century
2nd Revolution (1791-1793)
6/1791 - king & queen flee, are captured & placed back on symbolic throne
European monarchies begin to organize to preserve the French monarchy
National Assembly dissolves in context of turmoil, rising social tension in Paris, elsewhere
the new Legislative Assembly adjourned amidst pressure from various forces
2nd revolution (ct.)
Republican groups become rise to power, 1791-1792: Jacobins, Girondists
force war with Prussia & Austria to consolidate the revolution
Parisians storm palace - 8/1792 - est. commune, which leads to Convention - sans-culottes take power
sans-culottes represent urban working-class, desire economic relief & control
1792-1793: Convention symbolizes angry wrath of Paris: sans-cullotes & radical Jacobins end monarchy
Reign of Terror, 1793-1794
What are we fighting for? "liberte’, egalite’, fraternite’" & a "republic of virtue?"
regicide in 1/1793 ushers in oppression, violence & terror - revolution cannibalizes
Revolutionary armies fighting most European powers & much of France
Committee of Public Safety est. - to carry out economic, political administration
by mid-1794 @25,000 French have been executed - of all classes & groups for supposedly endangering the revolution
Thermidorean Reaction, 1794
After Robespierre is killed - a conservative movement restores order in France
some key revolutionary acts are recalled as former moderates come back into power (re: power of Committee, role of women)
Jacobins are suppressed, & revenge sweeps through the country
Catholicism makes a comeback, though Cult of the Supreme Being is still in effect
Did revolution clear a path for Napoleon?