Text Readings: chs. 19(675-679, 20, 21(754-759, 22, 23(803-812)

WWW - Napoleon's 100 days, Anti-Slavery declaration, Women miners in England (1842), Mazzini document

Key Concepts:

- Aftermath of the French Revolution & rise of Napoleon: Thermidorean reaction, the Directory government, France involved in continental wars in the 1790s, young Napoleon & Josephine, Napoleon's coup d'etat (1799), initial political & military style

- Napoleonic Era: France & military conquest of the continent (1799-1812), the Napoleonic Code: legal, economic & cultural aspects, concordat w/Vatican, France & subordinate European states: social, economic & political aspects - the Continental System, European response to Napoleonic conquest: rise of nationalism, acceptance of liberalism? Russia & France, 100 days, Waterloo, the Congress of Vienna & conservative outcome

- Hegel & Herder: cultural nationalism, new approach to history, "great person" theory of history & "world spirit" - social science approach to meaning & significance of history: break from the past set stage for the future

- Slavery & Abolitionism: rise & significance of slavery as an institution in 18^th century, meaning for Africans, Europeans & descendants, development & evolution of organized abolition movement in GB, US (late 18^th & early 19^th centuries), abolition, 1833-1865: Europe, colonial world & Americas: significant ideas, individuals, outcomes

- Economic & Political currents, 1830-1850: democratic pressures in GB, US, France: both working-class & liberal, increased industrial mechanization: effects on population, Chartists, Irish potato famine, utopians, prison reform, classical economists, Marxism, Revolutions of 1848: causes, details in Paris, Berlin, Prague, Milan: nationalism/working-class & liberal discontent, long-term outcomes of revolutions

- Italian & German unification: role of "romantic republicanism" in Italy, Garibaldi/Mazzini/Cavour, Piedmont-led efforts, wars & political maneuvering, 1858-1866 (for Italy & Germany), Bismarck: nationalism & power, Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871: causes & outcomes, new balance of power in Europe, 1871

Essay Questions: You will write on one of these for the test. Remember to use as much specific evidence as possible to support your essay:

1. Choose 3 of the following: liberalism, nationalism, romanticism, utopianism, conservatism, democracy, humanitarianism, democracy. For each choice, explain how & why this idea was a significant factor in the western world between 1795 & 1871.

2. Explain the impact of the Napoleonic regime on western civilization in the early 19^th century. Consider economic, political, diplomatic, and cultural issues, circumstances and ideas.

3. Do you agree or disagree with Hegel's views on History? Why? Use specific ideas to support your argument.