AwZ cÖvPxb Kv‡j, GLb nB‡Z Pvwi nvRvi cuvP nvRvi ermi c�‡e©, G‡`‡k Abvh© RvwZi †jv‡Kiv evm KwiZ| Bnviv gyL¨Zt †Kvj (Aw÷ªK) I `ªvweo RvwZi †jvK wQj ? Bnv‡`i fvlv Avh© fvlv ms¯‹…Z nB‡Z G‡Kev‡i c„_K| c‡i cwðg nB‡Z Bivb ev cvim¨ †`k nBqv Avh© RvwZi †jvK wKQy-wKQy fviZe‡l© AvMgb K‡i, Ges †`‡ki Abvh©‡`i g‡a¨ Dcwbweó nq| GB e¨vcvi K‡e NwUqvwQj, Zrm¤^?Ü bvbv gZ Av‡Q| Z‡e Aaybvjä A‡bK¸wj e¯? I Z_¨ nB‡Z Abygvb nq †h, Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z AvMgb L?ó-c�e© wØZxq mnmª‡Ki ga¨fv‡M ev wØZxqv‡a© NwUqvwQj (AvbygvwbK 1500 L„tcyt-†Z) wbR fvlv jBqv Avh© RvwZi fviZe‡l© AvMg‡bi d‡j, DËi Kv‡j G‡`‡k ev½vjv, wn›`x cÖf…wZ AvaywbK Avh© fvlvi D?¢e m¤¢eci nBqvwQj| Avh© RvwZi fvlv fvi‡Z Avwmqv cÖ_gUv †h iƒc aviY K‡i, †m iƒc Avgiv FM&‡e‡` cvB|...

... L?ó-c�e© 700-i g‡a¨ GB Avh© fvlv DËivc‡_ cvÄve nB‡Z DËi-wenvi ch©š� we¯�…Z nq| wKš‘ GZUv †`k Rywoqv QovBqv covq, Ges fvlvi cwieZ©b-a‡g©i wbqg Abymv‡i, GB Avh© fvlv Avi AweK…Z _vwK‡Z cvwi‡ZwQj bv, e`jvBqv hvB‡ZwQj| GZw?¢b? fviZxq Avh©fvlx RbMYI Avh© fvlv MÖnY Kwiqv Bnv‡Z Abvh© aŸwb I e¨vKiY-ixwZ Ges Abvh© kãm¤¢vi Avbqb Kwi‡ZwQj I Bnvi iƒc eûj cwigv‡Y cwiewZ©Z Kwiqv w`‡ZwQj| GB me Kvi‡Y, Avh© fvlv Avh© AvMš‘K‡`i gy‡L †h Ae¯’vq wQj, †m Ae¯’vq Avi eRvq iwnj bv,? L?÷-c�e© cÖ_g mnmª‡Ki cÖvi?¤¢B Zvnv‡Z fv½b awij| d‡j ÔAvw` fviZxq-Avh©Õ ev ˆew`K fvlv? Ôga¨ fviZxq-Avh©Õ Ae¯’vq, ÔcÖvK…ZÕ fvlvq iƒcvš�wiZ nBj|... cÖvK…Z Avevi cÖ‡`k-†f‡` bvbv cÖKv‡ii nBZ| cÖvK…‡Zi D?¢e nq eyׇ`‡ei c�‡e©?L?÷-c�e© 800-600-i w`‡K| GB mycÖvPxb Kv‡j gyL¨Zt wZb cÖKv‡ii cÖvK…‡Zi D?¢e nBqvwQj, GBiƒc Abygvb nq| GK- ÔD`xP¨Õ cÖvK…Z, cwðg I DËi-cvÄve A‡j MvÜvi, KV, †KKq, g`ª cÖf…wZ Rbc‡` ejv nBZ; `yB- Ôga¨‡`kxqÕ cÖvK…Z, c�e©-cvÄve I M½v-hgybvi Aš�‡ew`i cwðg L?Ê Kzi€-cÂvj A‡j ejv nBZ; wZb- ÔcÖvP¨Õ cÖvK…Z cÖqvM A‡hva¨v Kvkx A‡j ejv nBZ, Ges GB cÖvP¨ cÖvK…Z c‡i we‡`n ev DËi-wenvi cÖ‡`‡k Ges gMa ev `w¶Y-wenvi cÖ‡`‡k cÖm„Z nq I wenvi cÖ‡`‡k `yB-GKwU b�Zb ˆewkó¨ jvf K‡i| GZ cÖvPxb Kv‡j Ab¨ cÖvK…‡Zi Lei Avgiv cvB bv, Z‡e m¤¢eZt Ab¨ cÖKv‡ii cÖvK…Z wQj|

fviZe‡l©i Ab¨vb¨ As‡k cÖmv‡ii m?½-m?½ cÖvK…ZI e`jvB‡Z _v‡K| ÔD`xP¨Õ, Ôga¨‡`kxqÕ, ÔcÖvP¨Õ? GB wZb g�j ev cÖvPxb cÖvK…Z fvw½qv µ‡g hxï L„‡÷i R‡b¥i wKQy c‡i Ô†kvi‡mbxÕ I ÔgvnvivóªxÕ, ÔAa©-gvMaxÕ, ÔgvMaxÕ, ÔAveš�xÕ, Ô`vw¶YvZ¨vÕ cÖf…wZ bvbv cieZx© Kv‡ji cÖv‡`wkK cÖvK…‡Zi D?¢e nBj| G¸wji mvwnwZ¨K iƒcI †`Lv w`j| GB mKj cÖv‡`wkK cÖvK…Z AviI cwiewZ©Z nBqv AvRKvjKvi wfb? wfb? Avh© fvlvi bexb iƒc aviY K‡i| GB e¨vcvi L?÷vã 500-i c‡i I 1000-Gi g‡a¨ msNwUZ nq| cÖvK…Z I AvaywbK Avh© fvlvi gvSvgvwS Ae¯’v‡K ÔAcåskÕ Ae¯’v ejv nq|

ms¯‹…Z A_ev ˆew`K; cÖvK…Z?L?÷-c�e© hy‡Mi cÖvPxb cÖvK…Z, I L?÷-ci hy‡Mi cÖvK…Z; Zrc‡i Acåsk; Ges Zvnvi cwieZ©‡b AvaywbK fvlv;- BnvB nB‡Z‡Q ev½vjv, Dwoqv, ˆgw_jx, †Kvmjx, wnw›`, cvÄvex, wn›`Kx, wmÜx, ¸RivwU, gvinvÆx, †bcvjx cÖf…wZ AvaywbK Avh© fvlvi DrcwËi BwZnv‡mi aviv|

fvi‡Zi cÖvPxb Avh© fvlvi cwieZ©‡b ev½vjv fvlvi D?¢e nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ Avw`-Avh© fvlvi weKvi-RvZ nB‡jI, ev½vjvq I AvaywbK fviZxq Avh© fvlvq Ggb KZK¸wj evK¨ ev c`mvab-ixwZ cvIqv hvq, hvnv Avh© fvlvq, A_©vr ˆew`‡K ev ms¯‹…‡Z wg‡j bv| GBiƒc ixwZ Abvh© fvlvi cÖfv‡ei dj ewjqv AbywgZ nq? KviY †Kvj (Aw÷ªK) I `ªvweo †kªYxi Abvh© fvlvq GB me ixwZ we`¨gvb, Ges ms¯‹…‡Zi ¯^‡MvÎxq fvi‡Zi evwn‡ii Ab¨ Avh© fvlvq G¸wj cvIqv hvq bv| `?óvš�¯^iƒc ejv hvq? ÔAbyKvi kãÕ¸wj; ev½vjv ÔRj-Uj, †Nvov-†Uvov, †`k-†Uk, †m Avgvi ˆeVKLvbvq e‡m-U‡m, Zzwg GKUz †`L‡e-†UK‡eÕ, BZ¨vw`; g�j kãwUi cÖ_g A¶‡ii e¨Äb aŸwbi ¯’‡j U-Kvi ev Ab¨ e¨Äb aŸwb emvBqv ÔBZ¨vw`Õ A‡_© g�j k?ãi mwnZ ms‡hvM Kwiqv †h c`vmvab-ixwZ, Zvnv ms¯‹…‡Z I fvi‡Zi evwn‡ii Avh© fvlvq wg‡j bv; A_P fvi‡Zi Abvh© fvlv¸wji Bnv GKwU j¶Yxq wewkóZv| ev½vjv fvlvi mnKvix wµqvI Abvh© fvlvi (we‡klZt `ªvwe‡oi) Abyiƒc??ms¯‹…‡Z Bnv AÁvZ; †hgb, ms¯‹…‡Z Ôm`&Õ avZz A‡_© ÔemvÕ; Ôwb+m`&Õ=Ôewmqv covÕ; ÔemvÕ I ÔcovÕ Dfq avZzi cÖwZiƒc wgjvBqv m?ó Ôewmqv covÕ-i gZ mnKvix wµqvi †iIqvR ms¯‹…‡Z bvB; A_P ev½vjv cÖf…wZ fvlvq G¸wj we‡klfv‡e we`¨gvb, Ges Abvh© fvlv‡ZI GB cÖKvi wµqv LyeB wg‡j; †hgb, ÔLvIqvÕ- ÔLvBqv †djvÕ, Ô†`IqvÕ- ;Ôw`qv emvÕ, ÔgvivÕ- Ôgvwiqv †djvÕ. ÔmivÕ-Ômwiqv covÕ BZ¨vw`| GBiƒc ¯’‡j mnKvix wµqvi †hv‡M g�j wµqvi A‡_©i cwieZ©b, ev cÖmvi, A_ev m?¼vP N‡U| GB cÖKv‡ii AviI KZK¸wj ˆewkó¨ Av‡Q, †m¸wj‡K ev½vjv fvlv Rb¥MÖnY Kwievi m?½-m?½ Abvh© fvlvi wbKU nB‡Z cvBqv‡Q ewjqv Abygvb nq|

cÖvK…Z nB‡Z ev½vjv fvlv hvnv cvBqv‡Q ZvnvB ev½vjv fvlvi wfwË| Avw` fviZxq Avh© fvlv (ˆew`K K_¨-fvlv) K_vevZ©vq AcÖPwjZ nBqv †M‡jI, Zvnvi cieZx© Kv‡ji mvwnwZ¨K iƒc †h ms¯‹…Z fvlv, †mB ms¯‹…‡Zi PP©v KLbI †jvc cvq bvB| cwʇZiv eiveiB ms¯‹…‡Z eB wjwLqv Avwmqv‡Qb| GB mvwn‡Z¨i ms¯‹…Z nB‡Z Avek¨K-gZ cÖvK…‡Z Ges AvaywbK fvlvq kã MªnY Kiv nBqv‡Q, Ges nB‡Z‡Q| GBiƒc ms¯‹…Z kã ev½vjv fvlvq AmsL¨| mvaviY ˆ`wbK Rxe‡bi Dc‡hvMx AwaKvsk mij fve-†`¨vZK kã cÖvK„‡Zi ga¨ w`qv ev½vjvq Avwmqv‡Q|...

ms¯‹…Z ev Avh© fvlvq kã wfb?, ev½vjvq Ab¨ cÖKv‡ii kãI Av‡Q| Avh© fvlvi cÖPv‡ii c�‡e© DËi-fvi‡Z Abvh© fvlv cÖPwjZ wQj| c�‡e© ejv nBqv‡Q †h, GB Abvh© fvlv `yBwU †kªYx‡Z c‡o? †Kvj (Aw÷ªK), Ges `ªvweo| †Kvj Ges `ªvweo hvnviv ewjZ, Zvnviv wbR wbR fvlv Z¨vM Kwiqv Avh© fvlv MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ Zvnv‡`i fvlvi KZK¸wj kã Avh© fvlvq Avwmqv hvq| GBiƒc Abvh© kã cÖvK…‡Z cvIqv hvq, Avevi cÖvK…‡Zi c_ w`qv ms¯‹…‡Zi g‡a¨I KZK¸wj cÖweó nq| ev½vjv cÖf…wZ AvaywbK Avh© fvlv‡ZI we¯�i Abvh© kã wg‡j| ms¯‹…Z, cÖvK…Z I ev½vjv cÖf„wZi Abvh© kã¸wj‡K Ô†`kxÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kwi‡Z cviv hvq| ev½vjv fvlvq AvMZ GB iƒc †`kx kã? ÔPvDj, †ZZzuj, jvwV, †XuwK, WvMi, ev`yo, KzKzi, Mvwo, †NvovÕ cÖf…wZ; Bnv‡`i KZK¸wji cÖwZiƒc kã Avevi ms¯‹…‡ZI cvIqv hvq| DËi-fvi‡Z cÖvPxb Kv‡j cÖPwjZ Abvh© fvlv¸wji D‡ŽQ` nIqvq, GB mg¯? Abvh© k?ãi g�j iƒc GLb jyß- Z‡e fvlvZZ¡-we`¨vi cÖqv‡mi d‡j †m¸wji D×vi nIqv m¤¢e|

fvi‡Zi Avh© fvlvi (cÖvPxb Kv‡ji ms¯‹…Z nB‡Z RvZ, Ges cieZx© hy‡M ms¯‹…Z nB‡Z avi-Kiv) kã Ges Abvh© (†`kx) kã e¨ZxZ, we‡`kx fvlvi eû kãI ev½vjvq Avwmqv‡Q| cÖvPxb Kv‡j cvimx‡Kiv Ges MÖx‡Kiv fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg Ask Rq KwiqvwQj, fvi‡Zi m?½ Bnv‡`i Nwbô †hvM NwUqvwQj| Bnv‡`i fvlvi KZK¸wj kã cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi K_¨-fvlv cÖvK…‡Z M„nxZ nq, Ges Zvnv nB‡Z `yB `kUv kã ms¯‹…‡ZI hvq; GBiƒc KZK¸wj we‡`kx kã-cÖvPxb cvimxK Ges MÖxK- cÖvK…‡Zi wbKU nB‡Z ev½vjv cÖf…wZ AvaywbK fvlvI cvBqv‡Q;...

... wKš‘ ev½vjv cÖf…wZ fviZxq fvlvq †ekx Kwiqv we‡`kx k?ãi Avg`vbx Avi¤¢ nBj ZzKx©-weR‡qi ci nB‡Z| †gvUvgywU 1200 L?÷v?ã fvi‡Zi cwðg nB‡Z AvMZ gymjgvb ag©vej¤^x Zz‡K©iv Avwmqv ev½vjv †`‡k jyUZivR I Dc`ªe Avi¤¢ Kwij, µ‡g ·qv`k kZ‡K Zvnviv ev½vjv †`k Rq Kwij| Zz‡K©iv N‡i ZzwK© ewjZ, wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨ I ivRKv‡h© dvimx fvlv e¨envi KwiZ; Zvnv‡`i AvbxZ dvimx fvlv ev½vjv †`‡kI e¨eüZ nB‡Z jvwMj| ivRvi fvlv ewjqv dvimx fvlvi cÖfve ev½vjv fvlvi Dci bvbv w`K w`qv cwoj, Ges eû dvimx kã ax‡i ax‡i ev½vjv fvlvq cÖ‡ek Kwij| we‡kl Kwiqv †gvMj Avg‡j, †lvok kZ‡Ki †kl cv` nB‡Z, ev½vjvq dvimx kã eûj cwigv‡Y Avwm‡Z _v‡K| dvimx fvlv Aviex k?ã ficyi; dvimxi g‡a¨ †h-me Aviex kã Av‡Q, †m¸wjI cÖPzi cwigv‡Y ev½vjvq XzwKj| Z`ª€c KZK¸wj ZzwK© kãI dvimxi ga¨ w`qv ev½vjvq Avwmqv‡Q| AvaywbK ev½vjv fvlvq AvovB nvRv‡ii Dci dvimx kã cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| ev½vjvi dvimx (A_©vr g�j dvimx, Ges Aviex I ZzwK© nB‡Z M„nxZ) k?ãi D`vniY?

1| ivR-`ievi, jovB, Ges wkKvi welqK kã, h_v- ÔAvgxi, Igiv, DRxi, †LZve, †Ljvr, Z³, ZvR, bKxe, gxR©v, gvwjK, ûRyi; KzP-KvIqvR, RLg, Zuvey, †Zvc, †dŠR, e›`yK, evi€`, evR, evnv`yi, e·x, im`, wkKviÕ BZ¨vw`|

2| ivR¯^, kvmb I AvBb-Av`vjZ msµvš� kã- ÔAv`g-ïgvix, Avev`, Gw³qvi, Iqvkxj, Kâv, LvRbv, †Mvg¯�v, ZvjyK, `v‡ivMv, `ßi, bvwRi, †cqv`v, exgv, gvd, †gvni, ivBqZ, miKvi, nÏ, wnmve, AKz, AwQjv, AvBb, DKxj, GRvnvi, IRi, `iLv¯?, `jxj, bvevjK, bvwjk, dwiqv`x, †divi, †MªdZvi, †gvKÏgv, kbv³, mvwjm, †m‡i¯��v, njd, nvwKg, ûKzg, †ndvRrÕ BZ¨vw`|

3| gymjgvb ag© msµvš� kã? ÔARy, AvDwjqv, Avj­v, Bgvb, C`, Kei, Kv‡di, Kvev, MvRx, Ry¤§v, †Zvev, `iMv, †`vqv, bex, bgvR, gmwR`, gnig, gyiwk`, kwiqZ, knx`, wkqv, mybœx, n`xm, ûixÕ BZ¨vw`;

4| gvbwmK ms¯‹…wZ msµvš� kã? ÔAv`e, Av‡jg, G‡jg, †KŽQv, LZ, MRj, ZiRgv, g³e, e‡qr, †mZvi nid, mig (=kig), B¾¡rÕ BZ¨vw`|

5| ev¯�e mf¨Zv, e¨emvq, wkí-Kjv, wejvm-`ªe¨ msµvš� kã? ÔA¯�i, Avqbv, Av½yi, AvZi, AvZkevRx, AviK, KvMR, Kveve, Kvwjqv, Kzjyc, wKsLve, †Kvg©v, KuvPx, LvZv, Lvbmvgv, Lv¯�v, MR, †Mvjvc, PiLv, Pkgv, PveyK, Qwe, Rvgv, wRb, RniZ, ZvwKqv, `vjvb, `�iexb, †`vqvr, cvRvgv, †cvjvI, dvbym, eidx, evwMPv, eyjeyj, gLgj, gjg, gvjvB, wgQix, gxbv, gynix, widz, i€gvj, jvMvg, mvbKx, kier, kvj, wkwk, †mvivB, nvDB, nvjyqv, nvI`v, ûuKvÕ BZ¨vw`|

6| we‡`kx RvwZi bvg? ÔAvie, Avigvbx, Bû`x, BDbvbx, Kvdix, nvekx, wdwisw½, Bs‡iRÕ BZ¨vw`| 

7| mvaviY e¯?- ev fve-evPK kã? ÔA›`i, AvIqvR, Ave-nvIqv, Avmj, K`g, Kg, †Kvgi, Kei, †LvivK, MiR, Mig, Puv`v, PvKi, Rjw`, Rv‡bvqvi, RvnvR, ZvRv, `Lj, `iKvi, `g, `vM, `vbv, †`vKvb, bM`, †bkv, cQ›`, cix, e¾vZ, †euvPKv, gReyZ, wgqv, †gviM, gyj­yK, †ivkbvB, mv‡ne, †mv‡e, nRg, nvIqv, nvRvi, nvj, ûRyMÕ BZ¨vw`|

dvimx k?ãi c‡i e½vjv fvlvq Ôwdiv½xÕ ev †cvZy©Mxm k?ãi cÖ‡ek nq L?÷xq †lvok kZvãx nB‡Z| H mg‡q †cvZ©yyMxm ewY‡Kiv ev½vjv †`‡k cÖ_g Av‡m, Ges ev½vjv †`‡ki †KvbI †KvbI A‡j †cvZz©Mxm‡`i cÖfve we‡kl cÖej _v‡K| †cvZz©Mxmiv bvbv bZzb e¯? e½‡`‡k Avbqb K‡i, GB mK‡ji bvg †cvZz©Mxm nB‡Z ev½vjv fvlvq M„nxZ nq| ev½vjvq GK k‡Zi wKQy AwaK †cvZz©Mxm kã Av‡Q| `?óvš�- ÔAvbvim, ZvgvK, Mivw`qv, Pvwe, †Zvqvwjqv, evjwZ, Bw¯?, Kvgiv, ¸`vg, cvD (-i€wU), bxjvg, wMR©v, µzk, hxï, †cqviv, †cu‡c, Kwc, †evZj, †evZvg, mywZ©Õ BZ¨vw`|

ev½vjv †`‡k divmx I Ij›`v‡RivI Av‡m, Bnv‡`i fvlvi `yB-PvwiUv kã ev½vjvq cvIqv hvq| †Ljvi Zv‡mi i?½i bv‡gi g‡a¨ wZbwU bvg Ij›`vR fvlvi- ÔniZb, i€BZb, B¯‹vebÔ (ÔwPuwoZbÕ ev ÔwPwoqvÕ fviZxq kã); Ô΀cÕ ev ÔZzi€cÕ, Ô†evgvÕ (†Nvovi Mvwoi) I ÔwcmcvmÕ (fv‡Z-gvs‡m GKÎ cvK-Kiv Lv`¨) Ij›`vR kã| L?÷xq Aóv`k kZ‡K Bs‡i‡Riv ev½vjv †`‡k we‡kl cÖej nq, Ges 1757 mv‡j cjvkxi hy?×i c‡i Bs‡i‡Riv ev½vjv †`‡ki ivRv nBqv ewmj| BD‡iv‡ci mf¨Zv I Ávb Bs‡iRxi ga¨ w`qv ev½vjx‡`i Dci cÖfve we¯�vi Kwi‡Z _v‡K? d‡j, Rxe‡bi cÖvq me w`‡KB Bs‡iRx fvlvi Qvc ev½vjv fvlvq cwo‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| GLb hZ w`b hvB‡Z‡Q, GB cÖfve ev½vjv fvlvi Dc‡i ZZB †ewk kw³kvjx nBqv Kvh© Kwi‡Z‡Q| ev½vjv fvlv kZ kZ Bs‡iRx kã MÖnY Kwiqv‡Q Ges Kwi‡Z‡Q, I fwel¨‡Z AviI Kwi‡e| eû Bs‡iRx kã iƒc e`jvBqv LuvwU ev½vjv kã nBqv `uvwoqv‡Q? †hgb, ÔjvU, Kvi (myZv), B¯‹zj, †ewÂ, Wv³vi, nvmcvZvj, †KuŠmywj, Avwcm, eMjm, wWc&wU, Av`©vjx, Mvi`, Rv`‡ij, Uzj, Uvwj, Uwzb, wcR‡evU, jRÂzl, mgb, n›`i, †MjvmÕ BZ¨vw`| eû Bs‡iRx kã GLb †Kej mvwn‡Z¨B e¨eüZ nq? †hgb, ÔUªv‡RwW, AvU©, †cÖv‡Uvc­R&g, †cwbwmwjb, †ivgvw›UKÕ cÖf…wZ| we‡kl e¨emvq-ev wkí m¤^Üxq eû kã Avevi gy‡L gy‡L P‡j| †gv‡Ui Dci, ev½vjxi Rxe‡b BD‡ivcxq fve I BD‡ivcxq e¯? hZ Avwm‡Z‡Q ZZB Zvnvi fvlvq Bs‡iwR k?ãiI cÖmvi evwo‡Z‡Q|

ev½vjv fvlv GK nvRvi erm‡ii AwaK Kvj nBj D?¢zZ nBqv‡Q, ev½vjv †`‡k cÖvK…‡Zi cwieZ©‡b, Bnv‡Z Bnvi wbR¯^ cÖvK…ZR kã Av‡Q; weï× I weK…Z ms¯‹…Z kã Av‡Q; Bnv‡Z cÖvPxb hyM nB‡ZB AvMZ †`kx ev Abvh© kãI wKQy wKQy Av‡Q; Ges Bnv‡Z AvMZ we‡`kx fvlv dvimx, †cvZz©Mxm I Bs‡iRx nB‡Z M„nxZ kãI Kg b‡n| ev½vjv fvlvq KZK¸wj †kªô Kwe I Ab¨ †jLK wjwLqv wMqv‡Qb, Zuvnv‡`i nv‡Z GB fvlv Ac�e© kw³hy³ nBqv DwVqv‡Q|

ev½vjv fvlvi Avw` ev cÖvPxb hyM, L?÷vã 1200 ch©š�? †gvUvgywU ZzK©x‡`i Øviv e½‡`k-weRq ch©š�| GB mg‡qB ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨i Avi¤¢| fvlv GB hy‡M m¤ž�Y©v½ nq bvB, Bnv ZLbI cÖvK…‡Zi aiY A‡bKUv i¶v Kwi‡Z‡Q|

ev½vjvq ga¨ hyM 1200 nB‡Z 1800 ch©š�| GB hyM‡K wZb fv‡M wefvM Kiv hvB‡Z cv‡i t (K) hyMvš�i Kvj? 1200 nB‡Z 1300 ch©š�| ev½vjv fvlv‡K Avgiv †h mvay fvlvi iƒ‡c GLb †`wL‡Z cvB‡ZwQ, GB mg‡q Bnv †mB iƒcwU cvB‡ZwQj| GB mg‡q mvwnZ¨ ev wb`k©b we‡kl wKQy cvIqv hvq bvB| (L) Avw` ga¨ hyM, cÖÖ-ˆPZb¨ ev ˆPZb¨-c�e© hyM 1300 nB‡Z 1500 ch©š�| GB mg‡q ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨i fvj Kwiqv cËb nq, bvbv wel‡q mvwnZ¨-m„wó Avi¤¢ nq| (M) Aš� ga¨-hyM- 1500 nB‡Z 1800 ch©š�| GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ ev½vjvi ˆeòe mvwn‡Z¨i DrcwË I weKvk N‡U| ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨i we‡kl DbœwZi hyM †lvok I mß`k kZK| GB ga¨-hy‡Mi g‡a¨ ev½vjv fvlvq DŽPviYNwUZ KZK¸wj cwieZ©b Avwmqv hvq, hvnvi d‡j fvlv µ‡g-µ‡g cÖvPxb Ae¯’v nB‡Z AvaywbK PwjZ fvlvq cwiewZ©Z nq? †hgb, ÔivwLqvÕ, GB cÖKvi cÖvPxb ev½vjvi iƒc, c‡i ÔivBwLqvÕ, ÔivBL¨vÕ Ô†iBL¨vÕ Ô†i‡L¨Õ cÖf…wZi ga¨ w`qv GB ga¨-hy‡Mi †k‡l PwjZ fvlvq Ô†i‡LÕ-†Z iƒcvš�wiZ nq| m¤ž�Y© kã Ômv_yqvÕ Z`ªƒc Ô†m‡_vÕ iƒc MÖnY Kwiqv e‡m? Ômv_yqv- mvD_yqv-mvB_yqv- †m‡_vÕ| ga¨-hy‡Mi AemvbKv‡j ev½vjv †`‡k Bs‡iR‡`i Awaôvb nq, Ges m?½ m?½ Bs‡iR‡`i h‡Z? I AvMÖ‡n ev½vjv A¶‡i Qvcvi cÖPjb nq, Ges M`¨-mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZôv N‡U| 

1800 mv‡ji c‡i ev½vjvi AvaywbK hy‡Mi Avi¤¢| weMZ GK kZ erm‡ii g‡a¨ ev½vjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ AwZ †MŠiegq Avm‡b DbœxZ nBqv‡Q| BD‡ivcxq ev AvaywbK wPš�vi aviv‡K ev½vjv fvlv AvÍmvr Kwi‡Z cvwiqv‡Q| bvbv j¶Yxq cwieZ©‡bi g‡a¨, KwjKvZv A‡ji †gŠwLK fvlv‡K mvay fvlvi cv‡k¦© mvwn‡Z¨i Avm‡b DbœxZ Kiv GB hy‡Mi ga¨fvM nB‡Z Avi¤¢ nBqv‡Q|
 

ev½vjv eY©gvjv

AvRKvj mvaviYZt †`ebvMix eY©gvjvq ms¯‹…Z eB Qvcv‡bv nq ewjqv A‡b‡Ki aviYv †h, †`ebvMix-B fvi‡Z cÖvPxbZg eY©gvjv, Ges GB †`ebvMix nB‡Z ev½vjv eY©gvjv Drcb? nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ e¯‘Zt Zvnv b‡n, ev½vjv I †`ebvMix ci¯ži fwMbx-m¤ž‡K© m¤žwK©Z| †`ebvMix nB‡Z‡Q ¸RivU I ivRcyZvbv Ges mshy³ cÖ‡`‡ki cwðg L?Êi g‡a¨ D?¢zZ eY©gvjv; ¸Riv‡Ui bvMi evþY Ges ivRcyZ ivRv‡`i cÖfv‡ei d‡j mgMÖ DËi-fvi‡Z I Ab¨Î Bnvi cÖmvi NwUqv‡Q| fvi‡Zi Avh© fvlvi cÖPxbZg eY©gvjv cvIqv hvq L?÷-c�e© Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki A‡kvK-Abykvm‡b| GB eY©gvjv ev wjwci bvg ÔeªvþxÕ wjwc|...

DËi-fvi‡Z eªvþx wjwc, KzlvY I ¸ß ivRv‡`i Avg‡j cwiewZ©Z nBqv Kvjµ‡g mgªvU nl©ea©‡bi g„Zz¨i c‡i, mßg kZ‡K wZbwU wewkó iƒc aviY K‡i? GB wZbwU iƒ‡ci g‡a¨ DËi-cwð‡g (Kvk¥xi I cvÄv‡e) cÖPwjZ iƒ‡ci bvg Ôkvi`vÕ, `w¶Y-cwð‡g (ivR¯’vb, gvje I ¸Riv‡U) Ges ga¨ †`‡k cÖPwjZ iƒ‡ci bvg ÔbvMiÕ, Ges c�e©-fvi‡Z iƒ‡ci bvg ÔKzwUjÕ| g�j eªvþx wjwci GB ÔKzwUjÕ iƒc-†f` nB‡Z ev½vjv A¶‡ii DrcwË; ÔbvMiÕ nB‡Z †`ebvMixi, Ges Ôkvi`vÕ nB‡Z cvÄv‡ei ¸i€gyLxi DrcwË| ev½vjv I †`ebvMix wjwc ci¯ži nB‡Z ¯^vaxb, Ges GB `yB wjwc gvÎ MZ nvRvi eQi nBj wewkóZv jvf Kwiqv‡Q|

ev½vjv fvlv Zvnvi Rb¥Kvj nB‡ZB e½v¶‡i wjwLZ nBqv Avwm‡Z‡Q? Aek¨ GB e½v¶‡ii Avw`g AvKvi AvRKvjKvi e½v¶i nB‡Z KZKUv c„_K wQj, Ges †mB cÖvPxb iƒ‡ci weKv‡ii dj AvaywbK e½v¶i|

(gy¯�vdv b�iDj Bmjvg m¤žvw`Z ÔAvgv‡`i gvZ…fvlv-†PZbv I fvlv Av‡›`vjbÕ MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ)
 

 Z_¨myGt  ‰`wbK  gy³KÚ,  1 †deª€qvix, 2000