A la página de contenidosTema 22: Las oraciones de relativo (Defining and non-defining clauses).
Introducción:
Hay dos tipos de oraciones de relativo en inglés: las llamadas Defining relative clauses y las llamadas Non-defining relative clauses.
Las llamadas Defining son las que describen al nombre precedente de tal modo que lo distingue de otros nombres de la misma clase. Una oración de tipo "defining" es esencial para la clara comprensión del nombre. P.e. The man who told me this refused to give me his name. Las palabras subrayadas son la oración de relativo. Si omitimos esto, no sabremos claramente de qué hombre estamos hablando.
Las llamadas "Non-defining" son las que se colocan detrás del nombre y están ya definidas. No definen al nombre sino que simplemente a aden cierta información sobre y siempre van entre comas. P.e. My gardener, who is very pessimistic, says that there will be no apples this year.
Translation:
who: que, quien (nominativo)
that: que (nominativo y acusativo)
whom: a quien (acusativo)
whose: de quien, cuyo (posesivo)
which: que, cual (nominativo y acusativo)
what: lo que (no es relativo de conexión). Ejemplo: He said he had no money, which was perfectly true (not what).
Nota:
"That" a veces se omite cuando el sujeto de la oración principal es distinto al de la subordinada de relativo. Ejemplo: She is not the girl (that) I knowPREP TRADUCCION EJEMPLO
ABOUT SOBRE, ACERCA DE I HAVE ABOUT 200 BOOKS
ALONG A LO LARGO DE HE WAS WALKING ALONG THE ROAD
ABOVE SOBRE, ENCIMA THE BIRDS WERE ABOVE THE TREES
ACROSS A TRAVES HE RAN ACROSS THE STREET
AFTER DESPUES, TRAS HE WENT OUT AFTER DINNER
AGAINST CONTRA HE FOUGHT AGAINST ME
AMONG ENTRE (VARIOS) HE WAS AMONG THE BUSHES
AT EN, JUNTO A HE WAS AT THE CORNER
BEFORE ANTE, DELANTE HE LIVED HERE BEFORE THE WAR
BEHIND DETRAS DE THE PAPER IS BEHIND THAT BOX
BESIDE AL LADO DE HE IS SITTING BESIDE THE FIRE
BETWEEN ENTRE SHE IS BETWEEN PETE AND ME
BY POR, JUNTO A I WAS BY THE WINDOW
DOWN BAJO, ABAJO HE WENT DOWN THE HILL
DURING DURANTE I LIVE HERE DURING THE WINTER
FOR POR, PARA THAT IS FOR YOU
FROM DE, DESDE HE COMES FROM JAPAN
IN EN, DENTRO DE I LIVE IN LONDON
IN FRON OF ENFRENTE DE HE WAS STANDING IN FRONT OF ME
INSIDE DENTRO DE INSIDE THE BOX I FOUND A GIFT
INTO DENTRO DE (MOV.) HE PUT THE MONEY INTO HIS POCKET
NEAR CERCA DE I LIVE NEAR BRUSSELS
OF DE GIVE HER A CUP OF TEA
ON ENCIMA, SOBRE IT IS ON THE CHAIR
OUTSIDE FUERA DE THE MILK IS LEFT OUTSIDE THE HOUSE
OVER ENCIMA LOOK OVER THE TREES
ROUND ALREDEDOR HE WENT ROUND THE WORLD
THROUGH A TRAVES DE I WENT THROUGH THE WOOD
UNDER BAJO, DEBAJO THE DOG IS UNDER THE TABLE
UP ENCIMA, ARRIBA HE WENT UP THE HILL
WITH CON COME WITH ME
WITHOUT SIN DON´T GO WITHOUT ME