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Functions:
| atan2(x,y)
| arctangent of x/y in radians
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| cos(expr)
| cosine of expr
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| exp(expr)
| exponential of expr
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| gsub(regular-expression, string1, string2)
| substitute string1 for all instances of regular-expression in string2. If string2 is not specified, use the current record $0.
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| index(string1, string2)
| return the position of string1 in string2
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| int(expr)
| integer value of expr
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| length(string)
| return the length of string
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| log(expr)
| natural logarithm of expr
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| match(string, regular-expression)
| return the position in string where regular-expression occurs. If not found, return 0. RSTART is set to the starting position, and RLENGTH is set to the length of string.
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| rand()
| random number between 0 and 1
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| sin(expr)
| sine of expr in radians
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| split(string, array)
| split string into array using $FS
| split(string, array, fs)
| split string into array using fs as separator
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| sprintf(format, expr)
| format expr according to the printf format
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| sqrt(expr)
| square root of expr
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| srand()
| new seed for rand (current time)
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| srand(expr)
| set the seed for rand to expr
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| sub(regular-expression, string1, string2)
| substitute string1 for the first instance of regular-expression in string2. If string2 not specified, use the current record $0.
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| substr(string, x)
| return the suffix of string starting at position x
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| substr(string, x, n)
| return n character substring of string starting at position x
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| function name(args,...) {statements}
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| func name(args,...) {statements} name (expr, expr, . . .)
| define a function name
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Operators:
| =, +=, –=, *=, /=, %=, ^=
| assignment operators
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| ?:
| conditional expression
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| ||, &&, !
| logical OR, logical AND, logical NOT
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| ~, !~
| regular expression match/do not match
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| <, <=, >, >=, !=, ==
| relational operators
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| +, –
| add, subtract
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| *, /, %
| multiple, divide, modulo
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| +, –
| unary plus, unary minus
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| ^
| exponentiation
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| ++, --
| increment, decrement
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Variables:
| ARGC
| number of command-line arguments
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| ARGV
| array of command-line arguments
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| FILENAME
| current input file
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| FNR
| record number in current input file
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| FS
| input field separator (default blank and tab)
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| NF
| number of fields in the current record
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| NR
| number of current record
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| OFMT
| output format for numbers (default %g)
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| OFS
| output field separator (default blank)
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| ORS
| output record separator (default newline)
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| RLENGTH
| length of string matched by match()
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| RS
| contains the input record separator (default newline)
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| RSTART
| index of first character matched by match()
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| SUBSEP
| subscript separator (default \034)
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| $0
| current input record
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| $n
| nth input field of current record
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cut - Display File Fields
$cut –clist [ files ]
$cut –flist [ –dc ] [ –s ] [ files ]
Description:
The cut command displays fields from lines in the specified files. The fields can be of fixed or variable length.
Options:
| –clist
| display characters from the positions in list
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| –dc
| set field delimiter to c (default tab)
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| –flist
| display fields specified in list
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| –s
| suppress lines with no delimiter characters
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| files
| read standard input if files are –, or no files are specified
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| list
| comma separated list of integer field numbers; integers separated with a – indicate a range
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echo - Display Arguments
$/bin/echo arguments
Description:
The /bin/echo command displays arguments on standard output. Special escape characters can be used to format arguments.
Escape Characters:
| \b
| backspace
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| \c
| line without ending newline
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| \f
| formfeed
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| \n
| newline
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| \r
| carriage return
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| \t
| tab
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| \v
| vertical tab
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| \\
| backslash
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| \0x
| character whose octal value is x
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egrep - Search Files for Patterns
$egrep [ options ] 'expression' [ files ]
Description:
The egrep command displays lines in files that contain the given full regular expression pattern.
Options:
| –b
| precede each line with the block number
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| –c
| display only the number of lines that match
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| –e –expression
| search for expression that begins with “–”
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| –f file
| get expressions from file
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| –i
| ignore case of letters during comparisons
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| –l
| display file names with matching lines once
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| –n
| display the output with line numbers
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| –v
| display non-matching lines
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| files
| read standard input if no files are specified
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