1. Who believed that a search for a one-to-one correspondence between a sensory event and a mental event was doomed to failure?
Kant
the Gestaltists
Locke
A and B
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2. Mach demonstrate that
there was a one-to-one correspondence between an environmental stimulus and the mental event it created
perception was independent of any particular cluster of sensory elements
psychology could never be a true science
only overt behavior could be studied objectively
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3. According to the Gestaltists, sensory information was transformed by _______ before it was experienced consciously.
fields of electrochemical activity in the brain
the categories of thought
the mind
the apperceptive mass
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4. Wertheimer demonstrated that explanations of apparent movement based on learning were not plausible by showing that
very young children experienced apparent movement
the phi phenomenon occurred in two directions at the same time
primitive humans who had never experienced real movement still experience apparent movement
even nonhuman animals experienced apparent movement
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5. The way we respond to objects as if they were the same, although the actual stimulation our senses receive may vary widely, was called
unconscious inference
the constancy hypothesis
the law of prägnanaz
perceptual constancy
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6. Insightful learning has several characteristics, which one of the following is not one of the characteristics?
the transition from presolution to solution is sudden and complete
performance is usually smooth and free of errors
a solution gained by insight is retained for long periods of time
a principle gained by insight is not readily applied to other problems
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7. The behavioristic explanation of transfer of learning offered by Spencer emphasized
the transferring of principles learned in one situation to other similar situations
productive thinking
the generalization of behavioral tendencies
cognitive trial and error and insightful learning
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8. Lewin distinguished between _______ explanation of natural events, which emphasized inner essences and categories, and _______ which emphasized external causation and dynamics of forces.
Newton's / Einstein's
Einstein's / Newton's
Aristotle's / Galileo's
Galileo's / Aristotle's
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9. When subjects were allowed to complete some tasks but not others, the results demonstrated that _______ which is called the Zeigarnik effect.
the completed tasks were remembered better than the uncompleted tasks
the uncompleted tasks were remembered better than the completed tasks
neither completed not uncompleted tasks were remembered very well
complete and uncompleted tasks were remembered equally well
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10. In their research on group dynamics, Lewin, Lippitt, and White found _______ group to be highly aggressive.
democratic
authoritarian
laissez-faire
largest
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