A new lead to the mystery of biological warfare.
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In March 1952 Polish microbiologists under
leadership of professor Ludwik Hirszfeld published in
Acta Microbiologica Polonica,volume 1, page 4 an
appeal to American microbiologists to investigate the
allegations of biological warfare in Korea. This appeal
was repeated later in March, but from April 1952 was not
repeated any more, however Polish microbiologists refused
to support these allegations.
In October 1952 professor Hirszfeld a prominent
microbiologist, epidemioloogist and immunologist of
international fame, wrote a letter to the Nobel Committee
explaining in a roundabout way that he would not be able to accept a Nobel Prize which someone in Poland
suggested in return for his political support. Hirszfelds
letter was located in his archives at the Warsaw
Academy of Science I forwarded it to the Nobel
Comittee at their request hoping to receive more
information, but the documents at the Nobel Committee are
secret for fifty years.
In November 1952 at the Congress in Lodz of the
Polish Microbiological Society despite Polish government
pressure and propaganda, the majority of the Congress
participants did not vote for a resolution condemning the
US for waging biological warfare in Korea. The resolution
was killed due to activities of Ludwik Hirszfeld and
Zygmunt Szymanowski. The latter said publicly: "biological
warfare in Korea is rubbish".
In 1992 I have published in the American
Society for Microbiology News, volume 58, page 145
a paper about professor Hirszfeld, in which I wrote:" Would
Hirszfeld and Polish microbiologists be convinced that the
US waged biological warfare in Korea they would have joined forces with those who were making those claims. Their
opposition suggested that Hirszfeld knew otherwise".
Immediately after publishing the paper I went to
Poland, where I interviewed microbiologists who attended
the 1952 Congress. Hirszfeld and Szymanowski died in the nineteen fifties. Noone knew why they have in 1952
opposed the biological warfare resolution, but all believed in the judgment of those leaders.
The opposition against Communist bloc policy was
courageous and personally dangerous. One could expect
retalliation. I discovered in Poland multitude of falsified documents in which the fraud was very obvious, implicating
Hirszfeld in support of biological warfare allegations. One
such fraud appeared in the US. It was resented by American
micriobologists, who sent an answer to several Poles,
including
Hirszfeld. The letters never reached the addressees,which
meant that they were intercepted in Poland. The only
authority which could accomplish this was Polish security.
In 1990 I hqve published in Polar Star (Gwiazda
Polarns) in Wisconsin in volume 82, page 12 a
paper entitled Biological Warfare - Propaganda Warfare
, which was reprinted in Polih Daily - Soldiers Daily in London. I have underscored that the
Polish Microbiological Society led by Professors Hirszfled and Szymanowski refused to condemn the US for waging BW in Korea at the Congress of the Polish Microbiological Society in November 1952. This stateent was repeated in the paper Secrets of "Bacteriological Warfare",published the same year in New Horizon, volume 15 page 28, and in The Lettor to the Editor of Kultura in France in 1991 (520-521), page 217.
In all these papers and in a seminar which I gave at the 22-nd Congress of the Polish Microbiological Society in September 28, 1992 I indicated that the source of information of Professors Hirszfeld and Szymanowski was
unknown. I raised a hypothesis that the information was obtained from the Polish Hospital in North Korea. I started an energetic search in the archives for documents of the Polish Hospital in Korea,
At my first visit in Poland I searched the archives of the Polish Red Cross and the Polish Ministry of Helath.
I found no documents about the Polish Hospital in Korea. but at the
Ministry of Helth I found indication that the
Hospital was under supervision of the Military Deparrtment of the Ministry of Health. Before my second visit to Poland in the fall of 1952 I was referred by my English friends to Professor Stanislaw Rump in Warsaw. Professor Rump gave me recommendation to the Historical Military Institute.
I found no documents about the Polish Hospital there but I was adviced that documents might be in the archives of the Polish Ministry of Defence at Modlin, where I received a recommendation. I probably was the first American citizen at Modlin. The Director was very courteous. I got information and copies of the documents about the Polish Hodpital in Korea, and even documents about the Supervisory Commission of Neutral Countries of which Poland was a member after the armistice.
I also was adviced to look for documents in the Archives of New Documents Indeed I found there a whole set of documents about and from the Polish Hospital together with the name of the Director, Professor Wladyslaw Barcikowski, whom I contacted on the phone and by orrespondence from the US. Regretfully I collected complete
evidence that the Polish Hospital moved to Korea in 1953, could not therefore have been a source of information of Professors Hirszfeld and Sxymanowski. The Polish Hospital
did not perform any bacteriological examination, did not even have a bacteriological laboratory. I would not have any evidence that BW in Korea did not occur, if I had not been directed to Meray and Pracki.
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