The Civil Rights Movement

Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross. New York: Vintage Books, 1988.

King, Jr., Dr. Martin Luther. Letter From a Birmingham Jail. San Francisco, CA: Harper San Francisco, 1994.

Lawson, James. Running for Freedom. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991.

Marable, Manning. Race, Reform, and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America. Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi, 1991.

Morris, Aldon D. Origins of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: Free Press, 1984.

Raines, Howell. My Soul Is Rested: Movement Days in the Deep South Remembered. New York: Putnam, 1977.

Weisbrot, Robert. Freedom Bound. New Yourk: Norton, 1990.

Culture During the Civil Rights Movement

Non-Fiction

Angelou, Maya. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. New York: Bantam Books, 1993.

Benson, C. "Out of the Cage and Still Singing: Interview with Maya Angelou." Writers Digest Jan. 1975: 18-19.

Cross, Brian. It's Not About A Salary.... London: Verso, 1993.

David, Jay, ed. Growing Up Black. New York: Avon Books, 1992.

Giovanni, Nikki. Gemini: An Extended Autobiographical Statement on My First Twenty-Five Years of Being a Black Poet. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1971.

Giovanni, Nikki. Night Comes Softly: Anthology of Black Female Voices. Newark, NJ: NikTom, 1970.

Morrison, Toni. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. New York: Random, 1992.

Neminoff, Robert, ed. Les Blancs: The Collected Last Plays of Lorraine Hansberry. New York: Random house, 1972.

Seeger, Pete and Bob Reiser. Everybody Says Freedom: A History of the Civil Rights Movement in Song and Pictures. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1989.

Walker, Alice. Her Blue Body Everything We Know: Earthling Poems 1965-1990 Complete. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991.

X, Malcom. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965.

Fiction

Bambara, Toni Cade. The Salt Eaters. New York: Vintage Books, 1980.

Hunter, Kristin. The Lakestown Rebellion. New York: Scribner, 1978.

Shange, Ntozake. Betsey Brown. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.

Shange, Ntozake. Sassafrs, Cypress, and Indigo. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982.

Walker, Alice. Meridian. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.

The Civil Rights Movement

Blumberg, Rhoda Lewis. Civil Rights -- The 1960's Freedom Struggle. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers, 1977.

Breitman, George. Malcolm X/The Man and His Ideas. New York: Pioneer Publishers, 1965.

"Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas", "Reconstruction", "Civil Rights Act", "Voting Rights Act", "Poll Tax". Academic American Encyclopedia. 1994.

Burns, W. Haywood. The Voices of Negro Protest in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966.

"Civil Rights and Liberties." Encyclopedia Americana. 1992.

Equal Opportunity Employment Commission. Facts About Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968.

Geschwender, James A. The Black Revolt: The Civil Rights Movement. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1973.

Haines, Herbert H. Black Radicals and the Civil Rights Mainstream, 1954-1970. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1988.

Haley, Dr. John. Personal Interview. October 20, 1995.

Marable, Manning. Race, Reform, and Rebellion. Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1991.

Sales, William W. From Civil Rights to Black Liberation. Boston: South End Press, 1994.

Shulke, Flip. He Had a Dream. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995.

"Suffrage." Comptons Encyclopedia. 1991.

Culture During the Civil Rights Movement

"Angelou, Maya." Academic American Encyclopedia. 1994 ed.

Bearden, Romare and Harry Henderson. A History of African-American Artists from 1972 to the Present. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993.

Breskin, David. "Spike Lee: the Rolling Stone Interview." Rolling Stone 11 July 1991: 63.

Darden, Bob and Lisa Collins. "Gospel Music: the '90s are shaping up as a decade of resurgence." Billboard 13 April 1991: G1.

Drewry, Cecilia Hodges. "Black American Literature." Academic American Encyclopedia. 1994 ed. 304-313.

Dunbar, Paul Lawrence. "We Wear the Mask." Lyrics of Lowly Life. New York: Citadel Press, 1984. 167.

Giovanni, Nikki. Black Feeling, Black Talk, Black Judgement. New York: Morrow Quill Paperbacks, 1979.

Hampton, Henry and Steve Fayer. Voices of Freedom. New York: Bantam Books, 1990.

Horne, Lena. "45 Years in Movies and Entertainment." Ebony Nov. 1990: 88-99.

Hughes, Langston. "Mother to Son." Selected Poems of Langston Hughes. New York: Vintage Classics, 1990. 187.

Inge, Tonette Bond, ed. Southern Women Writers. London: The University of Alabama Press, 1990.

King, Jr., Martin Luther. The Words of Martin Luther King, Jr.. New York: NewMarker Press, 1987.

Klein, Donald and Hisham M Amin. "Racial Legacies." African American Review Winter 1994: 695-663.

Kwelismith. "Sixties." Slavesong -- the art of singing. Washington DC: Anacostica Repertory Company, 1989. 96-98.

Leland, John. "Rap and Race." Newsweek 29 June 1992: 46.

Lewis, Samella. African American Art and Artists. London: University of California Press, 1990. 119, 121-125, 129-131.

Lockwood, Lee. Conversations with Eldridge Cleaver. New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc., 1970. 59-60.

McAdams, Janine. "Focus on African-American Music." Billboard 29 June 1991: 48.

McAdams, Janine. "Spotlight: R&B Music." Billboard 15 June 1991: R1.

McElroy, Guy C., Richard J Powell and Sharon F. Patton. African-American Artists: 1880-1987. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, 1989. 66, 68, 70, 116, 119.

Narine, Dalton. "Black America's Rich Film History." Ebony Feb. 1988: 132-138.

Painter, Nell Irvin. "Black Americans." The Encyclopedia Americana. 1992 ed. 28j-29.

Rose, Tricia. Black Noise. London: Wesleyan University Press, 1994.

Rowan, Carl T. Breaking Barriers. New York: HarperPerennial, 1991.

Samuels, David. "The Rap on Rap." The New Republic 11 Nov. 1991: 24-29.

Stokes, Otis. "Rap/dance trend imperils talent pool: real artistry is no longer required in today's music industry." Billboard 3 Aug. 1991: 6.

Streitmatter, Rodger. Raising Her Voice: African-American Women Journalists Who Changed History. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 1994. 107-128.

Towles, Freddie. "Racism persists in music biz: stereotyping can stymie careers." Billboard 29 June 1991: 12.

Weaver, Maurice. "A different rap: Arrested Development." Ebony Nov. 1993: 110+.

Wurtzel, Elizabeth. "Popular music: fight the power." the New Yorker 28 Sept. 1992: 110.

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