Example #117:
Composer: Gioachino Rossini
Title: Il barbiere di Siviglia (1816)
Act II, Scene 5, Cavatina and Cabaletta
Rosina vows to refuse marriage to her guardian
coloratura
rapid scales, turns, free embellishments of both faster and slower sections

Example #118*:
Composer: Vincenzo Bellini
Title: Norma (1831)
Act I, Scene 4: Casta Diva
Characteristics:
Norma is a Druid Priestess
Scene contains: recitative, cavatina, tempo di mezzo, and cabaletta
dotted rhythms represent divine and prophecy
bass tremelos represent the Fall of Rome
chorus contrasts the conflict with the lyrical melody
highly embellished melody represents unrest

Example #119*:
Composer: Giuseppe Verdi
Title: La traviata (1853)
Characteristics:
Violetta is reunited with her beloved
she is sick and likely to die
Orchestral accompaniment:
repeating figuration
few pauses
Melody:
regular, periodic phrasing
repeated by other singers
Form: AABB

Example #120:
Composer: Carl Maria von Weber
Title: Der Freischütz (1821)
Act II, Finale: Wolf's Glen Scene
Plot Elements:
deception
magic and supernatural
lovers, separations, rival suitors
Characteristics: Casting of Magic Bullets
diminished sevenths represent anxiety and terror
fear: tremelo, chromaticism, dynamic changes
Melodrama: spoken dialogue over musical accompaniment
Devil's huntsmen: horns, choir, tri-tone

Example #121*:
Composer: Richard Wagner
Title: Tristan und Isolde, Act I, Scene 5 (1868)
Plot: Isolda gives "poison" to Tristan and they both drink only to discover that a love potion was substituted. The "glance" motif shows yearning by its chromatic lack of resolution. King Mark's theme is diatonic
Characteristics:
No aria and recitative
Orchestral continuity and the voice declaims above it
Gesamtkunswerk: the music, words, scenery, and dramatic arts combine to form a "total artwork."