CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING as seen by Sidney Parnes Three Main Components & Six Specific Stages D=Divergent (creative) Thinking; C=Convergent (conforming) Thinking
I. Component One: Understanding the Problem A. Stage One - Mess Finding ("mess" is a vague, undeveloped problem or task which requires a creative solution or action) 1. D=Look for and identify as many messes as possible for the task at hand. 2. C=Write down a broad, general goal or problem to be solved. a. Be terse (brief) b. Be broad or general. c. Be beneficial (auspicious means for everyone's benefit)TOPB. Stage Two - Data Finding (gather information) 1. D=Examine many details, looking at the Mess from many viewpoints. 2. C=Determine the most important information to guide creative solution development. C. Stage Three - Problem Identification: 1. STEMS: Write sentences starting with the following sentence fragments: a. Whose?: This problem belongs to .... b. How?: How can I (the "who") ..... c. Who can? Who can do ....? d. What? What has to be done is .... e. Verbs: I will (use a verb that states what has to be done. (e.g. I will present this idea on the net.) 2. D=Consider many problem statements (#1 above). 3. C=Construct or select the best problem statement. (e.g. I will create a rubric gifted students can follow to help them develop their creative ideas for this project.) II. Component Two: Generating Ideas TOP example
A. Stage Four: Idea Finding 1. D=Produce many, varied, and unusual ideas. a. Brain storm, list every idea, reject no idea, SCAMPER, free writing... 2. C=Identify promising possibilities a. also list alternatives, and options with potential III. Component Three: Planning for Action A. Stage Five: Solution Finding 1. Developing criteria for analyzing and refining promising possibilities. 2. Choosing criteria and applying them to select, strengthen and support promising solutions. B. Stage Six: Acceptance Finding 1. D=Considering possible sources of Assistance or Resistance and how to deal with them. 2. C=Formulating and implementing a specific plan of action. Source: Treffinger and Isaksen