SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)

SIDS is the sudden death of an infant due to unknown causes. It affects infants usually in the three months to fourteen months age group. A great deal of research has been carried out on SIDS and, although no sure method of prevention has been discovered, experts have devised a list of risk factors. These factors, while not definitive in themselves, provide indications to avoid:

• SLEEPING POSTURE. It appears from statistical evidence that babies who are left to sleep on their stomachs are at a greater risk of SIDS.

• OVERHEATING of the infant, whether by proximity to a heater, or by too many bedclothes, increases the risk.

• FORMULA FEEDING, rather than breast feeding, seems to present a greater risk.

• SMOKING by the infant's mother during pregnancy has been linked to SIDS.

• DRUG ADDICTION by the mother during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of SIDS.

A SIDS death affects all who are involved. Parents and near relatives become distraught, especially as there appears no reason for the death. Friends and neighbors are also affected, and the attending ambulance crew, police and medical staff are not unaffected. It is a highly emotional incident, and as a first aid provider, perhaps with initial contact, you are also at risk of emotional involvement. It is difficult, but you will be expected to provide support for others, and your objectivity may be tested.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• cyanosis, may be as far down the body as the nipple line

• fixed dilated pupils

• pale, cool skin

• absent respirations

• absent pulse

CARE OF THE INFANT AND PARENTS

• quickly and carefully examine the infant

• if in doubt, ATTEMPT RESUSCITATION

• leave the infant as found, avoid disturbing bedclothes

• contact ambulance and advise `suspected SIDS'

• comfort parent(s), assist in obtaining support, relatives, etc.

• remain on scene until police arrive and provide information

Police become involved because, in Australian States and Territories, an unexpected death automatically becomes the subject of a Coroner's Investigation. The attending police officers will advise the child's parents of all necessary formalities. They are not there to indicate or attribute blame. If you are unfortunate enough to become involved in a SIDS case, you have been involved `at the sharp end'. Although you may not think so, you have been emotionally affected. Ensure that you talk the incident through with somebody, especially with someone who will understand. If you don't know anyone close with whom you may wish to share your feelings, contact the ambulance crew who attended. They will be only too willing to share it with you - they understand your feelings and know what an emotional trial it has been.

For more information, contact the Sudden Infant Death Foundation for written material, or the Sudden Infant Death Association for support and advice. Phone numbers are in your local telephone directory.