1. What is a major problem often faced by a leader?
	A problem often faced is knowing which leadership technique to employ in a 	specific situation.
2. According to this chapter, what are the seven categories into which the techniques of leadership can be grouped?
	1. Giving commands.
	2. Giving orders.
	3. Getting cooperation.
	4. Establishing discipline.
	5. Improving morale that is low because of feelings of insecurity.
	6. Improving morale that is low because of feelings of lack of recognition.
	7. Properly using organization and administration.
3. What are the four leadership techniques involved in giving commands?
	1. A command must be definite.
	2. A command must be positive. It must be given in a tone of voice that leaves no 	    doubt that it is to be executed.
	3. The leader must look at subordinates when giving them a command.
	4. A command must be concise.
4. What are the ten leadership techniques involved in giving orders?
	1. Explain what is to be done.
	2. Don’t talk down to the enlisted in giving instructions.
	3. Give orders to the person in charge, and not to the group.
	4. Encourage and coach the enlisted when the encounter difficulties.
	5. Remember that personnel are serving their country, no the officer as an                 	    individual.
	6. In giving and order, try to get across the feeling of “Let’s go!” instead of “Get 	    going!”
	7. Avoid an overbearing attitude
	8. Show confidence in the ability of subordinates.
	9. Don’t use a senior’s name or rank to lend weight to your own order.
	10. Give a reason for your order if time permits, or if it appears that the order will 	      be clearer if subordinates understand the reason behind it.
5. What are the eleven leadership techniques involved in getting cooperation?
	1. Stimulate unit or organizational pride by showing your own pride and 	  	 	    enthusiasm for the service.
	2. Don’t criticize another officer or another organization in the presence of 	  	    subordinates.
	3. Keep your subordinates informed so that they may have an intelligent sense of 	    participation.
	4. Use the word we instead of the word I whenever possible.
	5. Accept responsibility for corrections from higher authority, and take remedial 	    action.
	6. Give full credit to members of the organization whose work and ideas have 	  	    brought progress.
	7. Let your enlisted know that you think they are good, and maintain high 	 	         	    standards through alert supervision.
	8. Make sure that ll subordinates know your policy
	9. Don’t be sarcastic.
	10. Don’t threaten punishment to make an order effective.
	11. Don’t’ invent jobs just to keep subordinates busy.
	
6. What are the ten leadership techniques involved in establishing discipline?
	1. Praise in public; censure in private.
	2. Give subordinates the benefit of the doubt.
	3. Punish the individual concerned, not the group.
	4. Take into account whether or not an infraction of rules or regulations was 	 	    intentional
	5. Consider a person’s record.
	6. Be impartial, consistent, and humane in giving rewards and punishment.
	7. Never use severe punishment for minor offenses.
	8. As soon as possible, remove senior subordinates who have demonstrated their 	    unfitness.
	9. Teach understanding of discipline rather than fear of it: punish the guilty 	 	    promptly, and defend the innocent stoutly.
	10. Support the correct actions of subordinates

7. What are the nine leadership techniques involved in improving feelings of security?
	1. Let subordinates know what is expected of them
	2. If you are please with their work, tell them so.
	3. If possible, keep subordinates informed of what is in store for them.
	4. Don’t’ make promises you cannot keep.
	5. Grant deserved favors willingly.
	6. Know the state of morale of your personnel.
	7. Never “pick on” and individual!
	8. Be certain that a subordinate understand why he or she is being disciplined.
	9. Evaluate your own performance in terms of the individual morale and 	  	    	    group esprit de corps that exists in you organization.
8. What are the seven leadership techniques involved in giving recognition?
	1. Praise when praise is due. Don’t flatter.
	2. Be on the job whenever your subordinates are working.
	3. Be interested in  the promotion of your personnel. Encourage them to prepare 	    for advancement.
	4. See to it that your are the first person to whom a subordinate turns in case of 	 	    trouble.
	5. Express interest in ideas even though you might disagree with them.
	6. Take a keen interest in the quarters and mess. Insist that these be best 	  	  	    available.
	7. Study your personnel. Learn about them: where they come from, their problems 	    and interests, etc.
	
9. What are the six leadership techniques involved in improving organization and  administration?
	1. Require use of the chain of command.
	2. Conform to the rules of the organization.	
	3. Discover weaknesses of the organization be serving and questioning
	4. Never issue and order that is not going to be enforced.
	5. BE fair about promotions.
	6. Demote incompetents.

Vocabulary
generations: Stages or periods of sequential technological development and innovation.
concise: curt; short and to the point.
indoctrinate: To instruct in a body of doctrine or principles.
stereotype: preconceived notions about a person or group of people.
overbearing: Domineering in manner; arrogant
sarcastic: characterized by the use of witty remarks or sarcasm; caustic, sardonic
censure: to scold or reprimand
infraction: a violation of an established law, precedent, etc.
humane: characterized by kindness, mercy and compassion.
esprit de corps: A common spirit of comradeship, enthusiasm, and devotion to a cause among the members of a group.

Case Study: The Weak Lieutenant

I. Alternate Solutions
	1. Simply ignore the problem in hopes that the weak lieutenant will correct his  	 	     ways by himself.
	2. Approach the weak lieutenant in private, telling him of his faults.
	3. Inform the CO about the weak lieutenants actions.
	
II. Selected Alternative
	The behavior of the XO has obviously been detrimental to several aspects of the unit. Namely, it has fictionalized the officers, undermined the authority of the CO in front of the crew, and generally decreased the morale of the unit. The choice to be made here is inherently difficult. The difficulty lies in where loyalties are placed. Personal feelings must be set aside in making the decision; the new lieutenant must make a judgment without regard to what others will think.  Ignoring the problem will not, like most other problems, make it go away. If the newly assigned first lieutenant allows the status quo to continue, the situation will only worsen, thus harming the unit and all of the members in it. While approaching the weak lieutenant in private would seem like a good alternative, it would not be prudent in this case. The weak lieutenant obviously has no respect for his subordinates, as evidence by his snide remarks about those whom he dislikes. The junior officers could simply attempt to cover up the problem, but this would simply serve as a temporary fix for a very serious problem. In this case, it is the juniors duty to report the actions of the XO to the CO directly, despite the fact that this directly skips steps in the chain of command. This decision allows a higher authority to reprimand the XO, in hopes that this final measure will correct the problem.