Identifications

Lloyd George - British Prime minister during treaty process. Recently elected on platform of German retribution; however, personal convictions wanted restoration of Germany for British economic gain.
Clemenceau - French representative to treaty hearings. Insisted on revenge for France and a guarantee that German aggression could and would never occur again.
Orlando - Italian representative to treaty process. Merely wanted to collect what was due to Italy after World War I.
Fourteen Points - President Woodrow Wilson’s goals for the treaty process; included the ban of secret treaties, the formation of a League of Nations, freedom of the seas etc.. Was not well received at the conference nor in Congress.
demilitarization of the Rhineland - wanted by the French to insure a buffer zone against Germany. Allied troops would occupy the Rhineland for 15 years to ensure compliance.
Anglo-French-American treaty - treaty that stated that America would intervene quickly in case of German aggression against France. Never ratified by Congress in America.
Sudenten Germans -  Germans in Austrian empire. Forced to become part of Czechoslovakia. 
Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes - After war, conference members attempt to divide Western Europe along ethnic boundaries. Yugoslavia was created and this was another name for it. Dominated by Serbs.
Polish Corridor - The enlargement of Poland gave it a corridor to the sea.
reparations - forcing the losing country to pay for the costs of the war. Germany was forced to pay total reparations.
“war guilt” clause - Germany was forced to sign a treaty that said it accepted the full and sole responsibility for World War I.
“mandates” - The treaty provided that former German colonies be administered temporarily by other nations.
Covenant - an unwritten promise between two or more groups. Refers to League of Nations’ underlying principles being based on Treaty of Versailles. 
The Sara 

Study Questions
1. Wilson wanted peace based on his 14 points.  He wanted an end to secret treaties, freedom of seas in peace and war, removal of barriers of international trade, reduction of armaments by all powers, colonial readjustments, evacuation of occupied territory, self-determination of nationalities, and a redrawing of Europe’s boundaries along national lines, as well as a League of Nations to prevent future war. HE wanted a settlement that would create a lasting peace.

2. Orlando - Wanted to collect what was due to Italy
    Clemenceau - French statesman looking for revenge against Germany for W.W.I.
     Lloyd George - publicly wanted punishment for Germany; privately wanted restoration of Germany for British economic gain.
	Wilson and Lloyd George felt that such a settlement would only cause war by angering the German people.

3. a. Austria and Hungary are split. Greece enlarged at the expense of Turkey, Ottoman Empire disappears, Syria and Lebanon go to France, Palestine and Iraq go to Great Britain, Russia looses a belt of states from Finland to Romania, Yugoslavia created.
b. Germany loses all its colonies. Mandates issued by League of Nations. France and Britain divided African colonies, Japan got the German Pacific Islands north of the equator, Austria got German New Guinea and Solomon Islands, New Zealand got German Samoa, Japanese got  half of German concessions in China.
c. Germany was forbidden to have any heavy artillery, aviation, or subs. German Navy was to be turned over to allies.
d. reparations - Germany was expected to pay ludicrous amount o war reparations to Allied Nations.

4. The War guilt clause was to get Germany to admit guilt for the war, for the allies and people as a whole naturally needed someone to blame, why not Germany? Objections made for this could be that Germany was not the sole aggressor in the war nor was it the sole cause or the Outbreak of war. Austria-Hungary could have started the war by invading Serbia.

5. The First World War saw the final blow to the ancient institutions of monarchy and aristocratic feudalism. Many new governments were created, many were eliminated. Monarchies toppled in Turkey, Russia, Austria Hungary and in Germany.  The war was a victory of democracy. The Cordon Sanitaire was a strip of states along the Russian border with Europe that prevented the spread of Bolshevism.

6. The treaty of Versailles was not very wise. It made a short peace that would only last some 40 eyars adn would eventually escalate into World War II, the bloodiest conflict ever.