Thanks to http://www.weburbia.demon.co.uk/pg/cyclotrn.htm
for the technical data
As you can see, up here there's the Ghostbusters' proton pack, because the
particle pack can work as a proton pack.
In the cyclotron the particles are accelerated by an electric field
every time they pass between the electrodes. A static magnetic field,
perpendicular to the accelerator, forces the particles to move in a spiral
trajectory until they become so rich in energy that they leave the acceler-
ator.
Now the question is: Why the title is particle pack and not proton pack?
The answer is: because this device works either with protons or electrons.
Both kinds of particles have pros and cons.
The protons have a greater mass, corresponding to a greater disrupting
power, but if they are directly produced when you shoot the beam, the device
will weigh A LOT more.
The electrons can be produced when you shoot the beam, reducing the
weight of the device, but they have a smaller mass, therefore they're easier
to be slown down by the air.
But now I'm hearing from everywhere: <> so now I'll
explain it.
HOW TO BUILD IT
First, you have to get an adequate power source, otherwise you wouldn't be
able to make the particle pack work.
The power source must be an alternate current generator working at a stable
frequency from 12 to 24 MHz, making a potential difference of 25000 V
or more for a cyclotron 75 cm in diameter.
You have first to build the electrodes to build the cyclotron: they must
be metallic and D-shaped, or better, they must have the shape of a hollow
flat half-cylinder.
They must be put in a vacuum chamber with a maximum pressure of 0.001 Pa
and the cables of the generator must be connected to them.
To make the cyclotron accelerate the particles, you also need a magnetic
field perpendicular to the accelerator. It must force the particles to a
spiral trajectory with a frequency exactly equal to the voltage inversion
frequency, so it must have an induction from 0.7871224204876 to
1.574244840975 A/m (amperes per meters). If you choose a frequency
different from 12 or 24 MHz, you'll need a formula to calculate the needed
magnetic induction:
B = (f * 2 * Pi * m) / e
in which:
B is the magnetic induction in amperes per meter
f is the alternate current's period frequency in hertz
Pi is 3.14159265358979
m is the mass of the particles you want to accelerate, expressed in kilos
= 1.672614 * 10^-27 for the protons and 9.109558 * 10^-31 for the
electrons.
e is the particles' electric charge, expressed in coulombs
= 1.602192 * 10^-19 as for the electron as for the protons .
HOW TO GENERATE THE PARTICLES
You do this in different ways depending if you want to generate electrons or
protons.
To generate electrons you can use the cathode-ray tube of an old
TV making the electrons pass between the electrodes.
To generate protons you have to make hydrogen pass through a spark, making
sure that there's no air with the hydrogen, otherwise you'll get an
explosion. You can use this circuit to obtain the spark.
You must add to the S2 switch a circuit to make it switch on and off
continuously, to obtain many sparks instead of just one.
The space between S2 and the spark unit is a voltage transformer that rises
the voltage from 220 V to 9000 V.
You can put a short circuit instead of the S1 switch.
To store the protons you have to use a hollow torus, which walls
have to be magnetized by using couples ofsteel half-rings that must be
placed around the torus and that must have electric wire spires around them,
in which a constant current must be made to pass.
The protons must be attracted into the torus, and to do that you have to
put a negative charge in the center of the torus, making the protons go
inside the torus.
In alternative, you can make produce the protons and make them go directly
into the cyclotron.
MAKING THE PARTICLES BE EJECTED FROM THE ACCELERATOR
When the particles reached the outest limits of the accelerator, they must
be extracted to make them able to be ejected.
This can be done giving to the electrode the shape that you can see in the
picture.
To make the particles move in a straight line you must put an electric
charge of the opposed sign in the place you want them to turn. To make
them form a stream you have to use a straight and stiff pipe where the part-
icles go after they leave the accelerator. You have to magnetize the walls
of the pipes using the above-explained method.
The last thing to consider to make a full-working particle pack is the
material the particles will have to pass through to be shot outside: it must
not permit the air to enter the acclelerator, while it must not interfere
with the speed of the particles. The material with these characteristics is
aluminium. Putting an aluminium plate on the front end of the pipe
will do the trick, not permitting air to enter the cyclotron and not inter-
fering with the speed of the particles.